2SWLPDO &RPELQDWLRQ RI '* 7HFKQRORJLHV LQ 'LVWULEXWLRQ 6\VWHPV .DUDU 0DKPRXG *UDGXDWH 6FKRRO RI (QJLQHHULQJ +LURVKLPD 8QLYHUVLW\  +LURVKLPD -DSDQ NDUDUDOQDJDU#DVZXHGXHJ 1DRWR <RULQR *UDGXDWH 6FKRRO RI (QJLQHHULQJ +LURVKLPD 8QLYHUVLW\  +LURVKLPD -DSDQ \RULQR#KLURVKLPDXDFMS Abstract—This paper proposes an efficient method for allocating multiple distributed generation (DG) technologies in distribution systems. The optimal DG sizes, DG locations, and the best combination between different DG technologies are determined. The objective function is to minimize losses in distribution systems. The proposed method is generic since it can solve the optimization problem with different combinations of DG technologies. A direct and fast solution of the DG allocation problem can be obtained using the proposed method without requiring iterative processes. The IEEE 33-bus distribution system is employed to test the proposed method. Different combinations of DG units are studied and optimally allocated. The results show that the proposed method can handle the optimal solution accurately. It is also demonstrated that determining the optimal combination of different DG technologies can contribute positively on loss minimization in distribution systems. Index Terms—DG technologies, loss minimization, optimal combination, distribution systems , ,1752'8&7,21 5HFHQWO\ PDQ\ FRXQWULHV KDYH IROORZHG D VWUDWHJ\ WR LQFUHDVH WKH LQWHJUDWLRQ UDWH RI UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ UHVRXUFHV LQ GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHPV 7KHVH GLVWULEXWHG JHQHUDWLRQ '* XQLWV FRQWULEXWH LQ DQ HIILFLHQW ZD\ WR WDFNOH WKH HQYLURQPHQWDO SROOXWLRQ SUREOHPV FDXVHG E\ FRQYHQWLRQDO SRZHU VWDWLRQV >@ ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH\ FDQ LPSURYH WKH UHOLDELOLW\ DQG WKH HIILFLHQF\ RI QRW RQO\ WKH GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHPV EXW DOVR WKH HQWLUH SRZHU V\VWHP 7\SLFDOO\ WKH PRVW QRWDEOH W\SHV RI WKH UHQHZDEOH '* WHFKQRORJLHV DUH VRODU SRZHU SKRWRYROWDLF V\VWHPV ZLQG SRZHU DQG VPDOO K\GUR VWDWLRQV 7KHVH UHVRXUFHV KDYH QRUPDOO\ VPDOO FDSDFLWLHV DQG WKH\ DUH ORFDWHG FORVH WR FULWLFDO ORDGV DQG ORDG FHQWHUV &RQVHTXHQWO\ WKH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHPV DUH JUHDWO\ DIIHFWHG E\ LQVWDOOLQJ WKH '* XQLWV $Q DSSURSULDWH FRPELQDWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKHVH GLIIHUHQW UHVRXUFHV FDQ SRVLWLYHO\ PD[LPL]H WKHLU EHQHILWV WR WKH JULG 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG LPSURSHU '* DOORFDWLRQ PD\ OHDG WR PDQ\ WHFKQLFDO SUREOHPV WR GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHPV VXFK DV YROWDJH ULVH UHYHUVH SRZHU IORZ LQFUHDVH V\VWHP ORVVHV >@ >@ 0DQ\ UHVHDUFK VWXGLHV KDYH EHHQ GLUHFWHG WR GHYHORS HIILFLHQW WHFKQLTXHV IRU DOORFDWLQJ '* XQLWV LQ GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHPV 7KH '* DOORFDWLRQ SUREOHP DLPV WR GHWHUPLQH WKH RSWLPDO '* ORFDWLRQV DQG VL]HV WR EH LQVWDOOHG LQ GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHPV ZLWK FRQVLGHULQJ V\VWHP FRQVWUDLQWV 7KH DOORFDWLRQ PHWKRGV RI '* FDQ EH FODVVLILHG EDVHG RQ WKHLU REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ 7KH REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ FRXOG EH EXW QRW OLPLWHG WR  DFWLYH SRZHU ORVV PLQLPL]DWLRQ >@  HQHUJ\ SRZHU ORVV PLQLPL]DWLRQ >@  YROWDJH SURILOH LPSURYHPHQW >@ RU  FRVW PLQLPL]DWLRQ >@ 7KH FRPPRQ IHDWXUH EHWZHHQ PRVW RI WKHVH PHWKRGV LV WKH DVVXPSWLRQ RI DOORFDWLQJ RQO\ D VLQJOH '* W\SH WKHUHIRUH WKH\ GR QRW GHDO ZLWK WKH '* DOORFDWLRQ SUREOHP IRU GLIIHUHQW '* W\SHV $ FRPSUHKHQVLYH UHYLHZ DERXW YDULRXV PHWKRGV IRU VROYLQJ WKH '* DOORFDWLRQ SUREOHP LV JLYHQ LQ >@ 2WKHU PHWKRGV UHFHQWO\ KDYH EHHQ SURSRVHG WR VROYH VXFK DOORFDWLRQ SUREOHP IRU GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH RSWLPDO FRPELQDWLRQ EHWZHHQ GLIIHUHQW '* WHFKQRORJLHV ,Q >@ D SUREDELOLVWLF EDVHG PHWKRG KDV EHHQ SUHVHQWHG WR ILQG WKH RSWLPDO '* PL[ WR PLQLPL]H WKH HQHUJ\ ORVVHV ZKHUH WKH '* XQLWV DUH DVVXPHG WR LQMHFW RQO\ DFWLYH SRZHUV $ PL[ LQWHJHU PHWKRG KDV EHHQ HPSOR\HG LQ >@ WR VROYH WKH DOORFDWLRQ SUREOHP ZLWK GLIIHUHQW '* WHFKQRORJLHV ,Q >@ WKH '* XQLWV KDYH EHHQ DOORFDWHG ZLWK LQWURGXFLQJ D QHZ SUREDELOLVWLF LQGH[ $ JHQHWLF DOJRULWKP KDV EHHQ HPSOR\HG LQ >@ WR ILQG WKH RSWLPDO VL]HV DQG ORFDWLRQV RI GLIIHUHQW '* W\SHV ,Q WKLV SDSHU DQ HIIHFWLYH PHWKRG IRU GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH RSWLPDO '* FRPELQDWLRQ LQ D GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHP WR PLQLPL]HV WKH UHDO SRZHU ORVVHV 7KH PHWKRG LV EDVHG RQ D JHQHUDOL]HG DQDO\WLFDO PHWKRG IRU '* DOORFDWLRQ SUHVHQWHG LQ >@ DQG >@ 7KH SURSRVHG PHWKRG LV FDSDEOH RI DFFXUDWHO\ FRPSXWLQJ WKH EHVW FRPELQDWLRQ EHWZHHQ GLIIHUHQW '* WHFKQRORJLHV DQG GHWHUPLQLQJ WKHLU FRUUHVSRQGLQJ RSWLPDO ORFDWLRQV DQG VL]HV $QRWKHU HIIHFWLYH DGYDQWDJH RI WKH SURSRVHG PHWKRG LV LWV KLJK FRPSXWDWLRQDO VSHHG DV WKHUH LV QR QHHG WR SHUIRUP LWHUDWLYH SURFHVVHV IRU GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH RSWLPDO '* FRPELQDWLRQ 2QO\ SRZHU IORZ UHVXOWV IRU WKH EDVH FDVH DUH UHTXLUHG WR VROYH WKH DOORFDWLRQ SUREOHP RI GLIIHUHQW '* WHFKQRORJLHV 7KHUHIRUH D GLUHFW VROXWLRQ IRU WKH RSWLPL]DWLRQ SUREOHP LV DSSOLFDEOH  ,((( 3(6 $VLD3DFLILF 3RZHU DQG (QHUJ\ (QJLQHHULQJ &RQIHUHQFH $33((&   ,(((