2016 24
th
Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)
978-1-4673-8789-7/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE
Novel Compact Wideband Differential Reflective
Phase Shifters With Wide Range of Phase
Application
Somayeh Khajepour,
Department of Electrical
Engineering,
University of Shahid Beheshti,
Tehran 15914, Iran
Email:
so.khajepour@mail.sbu.ac.ir.
Shahrooz Asadi,
Department of Electrical
Engineering,
University of Shahid Beheshti,
Tehran 15914, Iran
Email:
sh_asadi@sbu.ac.ir.
Mohammad Saeid Ghaffarian,
Department of Electrical
Engineering,
Amirkabir University of
Technology,
Tehran 15914, Iran
Email: msghaffarian@aut.ac.ir,
Gholamreza Moradi,
Department of Electrical
Engineering,
Amirkabir University of
Technology,
Tehran 15914, Iran
Email: ghmoradi@aut.ac.ir.
Abstract—This paper presents wideband compact differential
reflective phase shifters based on the double layer slot-coupled
coupler configuration. These novel phase shifters arrangement
consists of a 3-dB hybrid coupler with the coupled and
transmission ports terminated with elliptically shaped microstrip
loads. By altering the ports termination of the coupler, phase
shifters propose differential phase ranging from -90° to +90° over
1.2-6 GHz (137%) frequency band. To achieve different range of
phase performance, the proper reactance is calculated at the
outputs of coupler. These reactances are transformed to the
elliptical- shaped microstrip load with various dimensions for
every phase shifter. The calculation and simulations results show
that the developed circuits provide ±30°, ±45°, ±60° and ±90°
differential phase shifts with deviation less than 2.1°. The achieved
return loss is better than 10dB as well as insertion loss is less than
1dB. The simulated phase shifters including reference line occupy
maximum an area of 25 mm × 50 mm (0.14 λ × 0.28 λ ). Simulated
results demonstrate that the proposed phase shifters are well
suited for use in GPS/DCS/PCS/UMTS/WiBro/ Bluetooth/S-DMB/
WiMax/WLAN frequency bands.
Keywords-reflective phase shifter; slot-coupled coupler;
wideband; differential phase shift.
I. INTRODUCTION
Differential phase shifters are widely used components in
many microwave instrumentation and systems such as phased
array antennas, measurement systems, balanced amplifiers,
mixers and monopulse networks. These four-port passive
microwave devices provide a constant phase difference
between the signals at their output ports over the band of
interest.
The most famous differential phase shifter is the Schiffman
phase shifter which based on the edge-coupled stripline
transmission configuration [1]. This structure consists of
reference line and two edge coupled striplines which were
integrated together at their bottom. By choosing the proper
length of these lines and the degree of coupling, the phase
difference between them can be made constant phase shift over
one octave frequency band. However, a very narrow gap
between the edge-coupled lines is needed for a broadband
performance and when this circuit is fabricated in microstrip
technology, its operation decreased [2]. The other techniques to
build planar wideband couplers and phase shifters are including
modified Schiffman [2]-[4], slot-coupled structures, [5]-[7],
substrate integrated waveguides [8], loaded trans-mission lines
[9] and etc. Slot-coupling approach involving a double-sided
substrate, was first proposed by Tanaka [13]. The structure is
formed by two microstrip lines separated by a rectangular slot
in the common ground plane. In [14], Abbosh proposed a
microstrip-slot-microstrip coupler with an elliptical-shaped
broadside coupled structure that indicates good properties in
UWB. This approach allowed to design compact UWB phase
shifters with the phase difference no larger than 48° [5]. Then
Sorn [6] developed Abbosh phase shifter to 90° phase shift by
terminating two output ports of the coupler with capacitive load
providing 3-7 GHz operating bandwidth. Finally, Guo by
terminating Abbosh coupler outputs with open-ended and short-
ended stubs, proposed UWB phase shifters in the range from -
180° to +180° with 7° phase deviation [7]. As a result, slot-
coupled structures are a good candidate for wideband
applications because of tight coupling, low phase deviation and
size reduction. It seems very interesting to design coupler and
phase shifter in specified 1-6 GHz frequency band that covers
GPS/DCS/PCS/UMTS/WiBro/Bluetooth/S-DMB/WiMax/W-
LAN which use in satellite communication, mobile
communications and etc.
As a literature review, the phase shifters are designed in the
mentioned frequency band is investigated. In [4], a Schiffman
phase shifter improved by modifying the ground plane
underneath the coupled lines is proposed. Its amplitude and
phase imbalance are 0.5 dB and 5° over 1.5-3.1 GHz. A 90°
phase shifter, which comprises a stepped impedance open stub
and a coupled line with 1.1 dB amplitude imbalance and 5°
phase deviation over 0.75–2.4 GHz is presented in [8]. Also in
[10], the proposed 90° phase shifter is based on the loaded