www.ijcmr.com International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research Volume 3 | Issue 9 | September 2016 | ICV: 50.43 | ISSN (Online): 2393-915X; (Print): 2454-7379 2546 Study of Papillary Muscles of Tricuspid Valve in Central Indians A V Lakhanpal 1 , S K Shrivastava 2 , S K Verma 3 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ABSTRACT Introduction: Thorough knowledge of the normal Anatomy and normal variations is very important for accurate interpretation of information by echocardiography and for surgical repair in valvular diseases. The present study was carried out with the aim to know the morphology of Papillary Muscles of Tricuspid valve in Central Indians and to classify certain prominent normal variations. Material and Methods: The present study was carried on 100 normal human hearts from both sexes of different age. The Tricuspid valve complex was dissected very carefully to avoid cutting of papillary muscles and chordae tendinae attached to these. The morphological study of papillary muscles of Tricuspid valve was done. The anterior and posterior papillary muscles were located in all the cases. Additionally septal, extra-anterior and extra-posterior papillary muscles were looked in for. Result: Extra-anterior papillary muscles were found in 35% hearts while extra-posterior papillary muscles were found in 83% hearts. Septal Papillary muscles were present in 62% hearts. The total number of papillary muscles present in Tricuspid valve of hearts ranged from 2 to 11 with an average of 5.05 per heart. Conclusion: Extra-posterior papillary muscles are present in most of the hearts. Small septal papillary muscles are present but they could be absent. Extra-anterior papillary muscles also have been found. Keywords: Anterior and Posterior papillary muscles, Extra- anterior and Extra-posterior papillary muscles, Septal papillary muscles. INTRODUCTION According to Wooley 1 the Anatomists had been recording their observations on the structure of cardiac valves since 4 th century. King T.W. 2 , in 1837, published a work concerning the anatomic features and functions of the tricuspid valve in which he paid emphasis on the role of this valve in maintaining uni-directional blood low. The accurate interpretation of information by visualization of tricuspid valve with non-invasive imaging requires detailed knowledge of its morphology and normal variations. Matsumoto and Matsuo 3 have described the echocardiographic appearances of the tricuspid valve. The visualization of the tricuspid valve by non-invasive imaging was commonplace and was done with remarkable accuracy and in details by Brown and Anderson 4 and Tei et al 5 Wooley 1 and Hauck et al 6 have mentioned that renewed clinical interest in the disease processes involving the tricuspid valve had arisen. According to François Haddad et al 7 in echocardiography the morphological features that best differentiate the right ventricle include the following: (1) the more apical hinge line of the septal lealet of the tricuspid valve relative to the anterior lealet of the mitral valve; (2) the presence of a moderator band; (3) the presence of more than 3 papillary muscles; (4) the trilealet coniguration of the tricuspid valve with septal papillary attachments; and (5) the presence of coarse trabeculations. Detailed knowledge of normal anatomy and normal variations is vital for accurate interpretation of information by echocardiography and for surgical repair in valvular diseases. Detailed study of tricuspid valve was carried out to obtain morphological structure in the Central Indian subjects and to try to classify certain prominent normal variations in the light of available literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present study was carried on 100 normal human hearts at Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur. Group I:- Eight hearts (2 female and 6 male) of children in the age group of 1 to 8 years. Group II:- Twenty nine female hearts in the age group of 16 to 80 years. Group III:- Sixty three male hearts in the age group of 16 to 61 years. These hearts were obtained from the post-mortem room and preserved in 5% formalin solution. The Tricuspid valve complex was dissected very carefully to avoid cutting of papillary muscles and chordae tendinae. The anterior, posterior and septal muscles were observed. Extra anterior or extra-posterior muscles were looked in for. The directions of the anterior and posterior papillary muscles towards the antero-posterior and postero- septal commissures have been used for their identiication. In the present study the following classiication was adopted: A. Anteriorly placed papillary muscles consisting of 1. Anterior 2. Extra-anterior B. Posteriorly placed papillary muscles consisting of 1. Posterior 2. Extra-posterior C. Septal papillary muscles consisting of 1 Septal infundibular 2. Septal inferior STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Descriptive statistics like mean and percentage were used to calculate the results. Microsoft ofice 2007 was used to generate tables. 1 Associate Professor, Departement of Anatomy, Sukh-Sagar Medical College and Hospital, Mukanwara, 2 Professor and Head, Departement of Anatomy, 3 Ex-Professor and Head, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur (MP), India Corresponding author: Dr A V Lakhanpal, House No. 1042, Gorakhpur Gurudwara Road, Gorakhpur, Jabalpur 482001, MP, India How to cite this article: A V Lakhanpal, S K Shrivastava, S K Verma. Study of papillary muscles of tricuspid valve in central Indians. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research 2016;3(9):2546-2551.