Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 24, No. 5, pp. 250-258, 1992.
Printed in Great Britain.
Marine Pollution Bulletin
0025-326X/92 $5.00+0.00
© 1992 Pergamon Press Ltd
Trends in Pollutants in Blue Mussel
Mytilus edulis and Flounder Platichthys
flesus from two Dutch estuaries,
1985-1990
J. STRONKHORST
Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, Tidal Waters Division, P.O. Box 8039,
4330 EA Middelburg, The Netherlands
Temporal trends and length-concentration relation-
ships are presented for data from the Joint Monitoring
Programme for microcontaminants in the blue mussel
Mytilus edulis and flounder Platichthys flesus from the
Eros Dollard and Western Scheldt estuaries in the
Netherlands over the period 1985 to 1990. Statistical
analyses were carried out in conformity with ICES
procedures.
The analyses show only a decrease in levels of
dieldrin in mussels from the Western Scheldt. Cadmium
concentrations in flounders from the Ems Dollard have
increased. No linear trend has been detected in either
estuary for the other contaminants (PCB, PAH,
pp'DDE, lindane, Hg, As, Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb, Ni). The
importance of taking the fat weight into account in anal-
ysing PCB trend and length relationship is illustrated.
Concentrations of PCB, PAH, chromium and nickel
in mussels and PCB in livers of flounders decrease with
increasing size. Mercury concentrations in flounders
increase with length.
In this paper a statistical analysis of temporal trends is
presented for the data of microcontaminants in the blue
mussel Mytilus edulis and flounder Platichthys flesus
from two Dutch estuaries over the period 1985 to 1990.
These data have been collected as the Dutch contri-
bution to the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) of the
Oslo and Paris Commissions (e.g. Akkerman & Van
Zwol, 1990).
The North Sea Conferences (London, 1987; The
Hague, 1990) produced international agreement on
reduction of micropollutant loads in the period 1985-
95. In fact the ultimate goal is the reduction of con-
taminant levels in the environment, especially in organ-
isms. For two fringe areas of the North Sea the trends
presented here may serve as one of the interim assess-
ment of these goals. General conclusions on environ-
mental contaminant levels in the two estuaries can only
be drawn with knowledge of chemical processes within
the estuarine environment, physiological and biological
processes within the organisms and information on
trends in other compartments (Misra et al., 1989; ICES,
in prep.). To improve the reliability of indentified trends
samples were taken in a length-stratified manner
because this biological parameter might affect the
concentration of microcontaminants (Moriarty et al.,
1984). For this reason length-concentration relation-
ships are discussed in this paper. A correlation between
concentration and length may point to weight- or age-
related uptake processes.
Materials and Methods
Samples of natural mussels and flounders were
collected from the Ems Dollard and the Western
Scheldt (Fig. 1) each year in October over the period
1985-90. The water quality in the Western Scheldt is
mainly determined by the input from the river Scheldt
and in the Ems Dollard by industrial activities along the
estuary. In the Western Scheldt mussels were sampled in
the middle section and flounders in the mouth of the
estuary. In the Ems Dollard both species were collected
in the mouth of the estuary. At the sampling site for
mussels the salinity in the Ems Dollard is higher than in
the Western Scheldt (approximately 29%o and 24%0
respectively).
Mussels were sampled in five logarithmically equi-
distant shell length classes: 25-30 mm, 31-37 mm, 38-
46 mm, 47-56 mm, and 57-70 mm. Each class
contains approximately 50 mussels which are pooled
prior to analysis. Flounders were sampled in five
logarithmically equidistant length classes: 200-225
mm, 225-250 mm, 250-280 mm, 280-315 mm, and
315-350 mm, each containing five organisms. All
flounders were analysed individually. In 1985 the
programme on flounders in the Ems Dollard was not
completed, because all length classes were not rep-
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