The legalization of marriage between two people of the same sex has been pro-
pelled to the forefront of public debate and political discourse in numerous coun-
tries, including the United States.
1,2
Similar to other social issues, both supporters
and opponents have employed different framing processes (Benford and Snow
2000) as a means of advancing their respective ideologies and agendas. One such
framing process involves using different terminology to describe the subjects of the
debate—that is, couples of the same sex. Opponents often employ the term “homo-
sexual couples,” which arguably has a negative and medicalized tone (Armstrong
2002; Halperin 1989). In contrast, supporters employ more positive terms such
as “gay couples” and “same-sex couples.” Supporters of the legalization also use
FRAMING STRATEGIES AND PUBLIC SUPPORT
FOR THE LEGALIZATION OF MARRIAGE BETWEEN
TWO PEOPLE OF THE SAME SEX
OREN PIZMONY-LEVY
AARON PONCE
Indiana University
ABSTRACT: Over the past few decades, public debate about the
legalization of marriage between people of the same sex has changed and
intensified. Participants in the current debate have introduced new terms
such as “same-sex couples” instead of “homosexual couples” to describe the
subjects of this issue. Recently, this contentious issue has also been framed
as a matter of “civil rights” rather than another case of “gay rights.” To
date, however, scholars have overlooked these terminological changes and
their potential effects on public support for marriage between two people of
the same sex. The authors address this void using data from a 2009 national
survey. An embedded survey experiment suggests that these frames have
no significant impact on public opinion. Multivariate results provide
additional evidence that gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, political
party identification, and region shape public support for the legalization
of marriage between two people of the same sex. The authors discuss
the implications of these findings and offer possible explanations for the
nonsignificant effects of the frames considered.
Keywords: public opinion, same sex marriage, survey experiment,
framings
Sociological Perspectives, Vol. 56, Issue 2, pp. 169–190, ISSN 0731-1214, electronic ISSN 1533-8673.
© 2013 by Pacific Sociological Association. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photo-
copy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press’s Rights and Permissions website, at
http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintinfo.asp. DOI: 10.1525/sop.2013.56.2.169.
Address correspondence to: Oren Pizmony-Levy, 744 Ballantine Hall, Bloomington, IN 47405; e-mail: opizmony@
indiana.edu.
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