Ultimately, I think the evidence Dunn brings forward and his analysis
does not necessarily lead to a qualified ‘no’ (they did not worship
Jesus), but a qualified ‘yes’. Even Pliny, as Dunn notes, seems to have
confusion on this: they seem to worship Jesus as if he were a god. Again,
there is enough evidence in the NT that they thought of Jesus god-like
enough and their forms of worship were clear enough that ‘yes’ seems
closer than ‘no’. I think the real value of Dunn’s work is to challenge the
idea that Jesus is included in the divine identity (as argued by Bauck-
ham). Dunn has made a strong case that this ‘identity’ language is too
unclear and focuses more on the person of Jesus (as one who is god-
like) rather than his agency and ‘iconic’ role.
Nijay K. Gupta
Seattle Pacific University
The Spirit in the World: Emerging Pentecostal Theologies in Global
Contexts, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen (ed.), William B. Eerdmans Publishing
Company, 2009 (ISBN 978-0-8028-6281-5), xxiv + 248 pp., pb $15.00
This book is a collection of articles that have been put together to reflect
developing Pentecostal theologies, not least from the Two-Thirds
World, and its express purpose is to be constructive rather than merely
descriptive. It is divided into three parts: the first part deals with ‘spiri-
tual empowerment’, the second with ‘cultural diversity’, and the third
with ‘religious plurality’. There is also a preface by Jürgen Moltmann
and an introduction by Kärkkäinen, where he tries to situate the
hard-to-capture Pentecostal identity. Among the twelve articles in this
volume, let me present and briefly discuss the ones I found most
interesting, before offering an appraisal of the book as a whole.
In the first section, on empowerment, I should like to mention two
excellent treatments of traditionally central Pentecostal themes: Spirit
baptism and healing. Frank Macchia, a veteran of constructive Pente-
costal theology, writes about the first theme and argues that Spirit
baptism is still the defining feature of Pentecostalism, despite other
more recent proposals. He discusses the many different understand-
ings of Spirit baptism in Pentecostal history and the general tendency
of recent Pentecostal theology to downplay its importance. Macchia
himself, however, would rather see a renewed theological engagement
with the doctrine that would liberate it from the too narrow traditional
confines. Citing several emerging Pentecostal theologies that take a
more holistic approach to Spirit baptism, he ends the article by adding
History and Sociology of Religion 545
© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.