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Dispatch: 5.1.09 Journal: STUL CE: Blackwell
Journal Name Manuscript No. Author Received: No. of pages: 25 PE: Indumathi
HEBREW AS A PARTIAL NULL-SUBJECT
LANGUAGE*
Ur Shlonsky
Abstract. To account for the tense-wise and person-wise uneven distribution of
null subjects in Hebrew, we argue first that Hebrew finite T can have either a full
phi set - with person and number, a partial one - with number only or no phi set
at all. Second, Hebrew pro is argued to lack a person feature. Feature matching
with T consequently fails when T has [person], but succeeds when T lacks
[person], albeit with the subject interpreted impersonally. Third, 'contr' f pro
involves the assignment of a person feature to pro, rendering it e of
reference. Fourth, the fact that Hebrew pro can only be first or sec n is
an illusion: The speech act participants are associated with a f ead
SAPo, to which the first and second person pronouns c1iticize. Th
independently-referring pro at all in Hebrew
1. Introduction
possible in every tensed
possible in past and future tense
sent tense clauses.
the subject of numerous studies: E.g.,
3, 1988), Gutman (1999, 2004), Landau
9), Shlonsky (1987, 1990, 1997). The present
work and the data it has unearthed in light
engendered by the minimalist tum of Chomsky
subsequent work.
Hebrew is a partial null subject language, mani(!,sM ree intertwined
asymmetries in the distribution of covert subje nouns.
The referentiality asymmetry:
Non-referential argumental null subject
environment but one.
The person asymmetry:
Referential null subjects are first and second person
inflection; third person covert only possible in contexts of
(non-standard) binding and/or'Ca'fitXQI
The tense asymmetry:
Referential null subjects
clauses. They are ruled-out
Hebrew covert pronoun
Borer (1986, 1989), D
(2004), Vainikka &
contribution reco
of the conceptu
(1995: Chapter
31
* I ,,,,",l¥"iefUl to the organizers of the Workshop on Partial Pro Drop at Cambridge
University;iti4une 2006 for soliciting this paper and encouraging this work, to IdanLandau
andlo tw6$tudia Linguistica reviewers for written comments. Parts of this paper have been
preserit,da't the University of the Aegean in Rhodes and at the University of Siena. I am
grateful to the audiences at these venues for their comments and suggestions.
Studia Linguistica 63(1) 2009, pp. © The author 2009. Journal compilation
© The Editorial Board of Studia Linguistica 2009. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.,
9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK, and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA