Council for Innovative Research International Journal of Computers & Technology www.cirworld.com Volume 4 No. 1, Jan-Feb, 2013 ISSN 2277-3061 48 | Page www.ijctonline.com REVIEW OF DATABASE AND PROMINENT PROGRAMMES Vinod Kumar Assistant Professor Department of Computer ScienceDev Samaj College for Women Ferozepur City Gagandeep Raheja Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science Dev Samaj College for Women Ferozepur City Sukhpreet Singh Assistant Professor Dept of Electrical Engg Shaheed Bhagat Singh State Technical Campus Ferozepur Cantt ABSTRACT Databases and database systems have become an essential component of everyday life in modern society. In the course of a day, most of us encounter several activities that involve some interaction with a database. For example, if we go to the bank to deposit or withdraw funds, if we make a hotel or airline reservation, if we access a computerized library catalog to search for a bibliographic item, or if we buy some item such as a book, toy, or computer- form on internet vendor through it Web page, there might be chances that our activities will involve someone or some computer program accessing a database, even purchasing items from a supermarket nowadays in many cases involves an automatic update of the database that keeps the inventory of supermarket items. So in this paper we will talk about how to manage the different type of data involved in any form in the database. General Terms Database, Database Management, Security, Integrity, Users Keywords DBA, DBMS, DATA, DDL, DML, DCL, TCL. 1.1 DATABASE- AN INTRODUCTION A database can be defined as a collection of related data from which users can efficiently retrieve the desired information. A database can be anything from a simple collection of roll numbers, names, addresses, and phone numbers of a students to a complex collection of sound, images, and even video or film clippings. Though databases are generally computerized, instances of non-computerized databases from everyday life can be cited in abundance. A dictionary, a phone book, a collection of recipes, and a TV guide are all common examples of non-computerized databases. The examples of computerized databases include customer files, employee rosters, books catalogue, equipment inventories, and sales transactions. A single repository of data is maintained that is defined once and then accessed by many users. The fundamental characteristic of database approach is that the database system not only contains data‟s but it contains complete definition or description of the database structure and constraints. 1.2 DEFINITION 1. “A database is a collection of interrelated data stored in a database server; these data‟s will be stored in the form of tables.” 2. “A database is a structured collection of records that is stored in a computer system, related together, which can be accessed by different users but the data stores only once.” 1.3 DATABASE MANAGEMENT The database is a shared collection of logically related data, designed to meet the requirement of an organization. The database is large repository of data, which can be accessed by different users at the same time. The DBMS must ensure the security of the database from unauthorized access and recovery of the data during system failures. It must also provide techniques for data sharing among several users. The database and the DBMS software are collectively known as database system. A database management system (DBMS) is computer software that manages databases. The main objective of a DBMS is to provide a convenient and effective method of defining, storing, retrieving, and manipulating the data contained in the database. A DBMS is a set of software programs that controls the organization, storage, management, and retrieval of data in a database. 1.4 DEFINITION “A database is a computer based record keeping system whose purpose is to record and maintains the information.” 1.5 APPROACHES TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT There are different methods to manage the data contained in the database. We can use computerize or non-computerize method to manage the data. 1.5.1 MANUAL APPROACH Manual database is the record keeping system which is used to keep the records in which human beings manages the database without the support of computers. 1.5.2 FILE SYSTEM APPROACH In the early systems data was handled manually by the different users. With the large amount of advancement in the computer field, there was a need to store the data in the database in computerized form. File processing system was an early attempt to computerize the manual system. This system stores permanent records in the various files and programs are to be written to add the records in specific files. File processing system is a collection of application programs that perform services for the end users such as the production of Reports. “File processing system was an early attempt to make the manual file system to computerized system.” In the