Journal of East African Natural History 97(1): 83–102 (2008) DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION OF THE PATAS MONKEY ERYTHROCEBUS PATAS IN KENYA Yvonne A. de Jong Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Oxford Brookes University P.O. Box 149, 10400 Nanyuki, Kenya yvonne@wildsolutions.nl Thomas M. Butynski Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program Conservation International P.O. Box 149, 10400 Nanyuki, Kenya tbutynski@aol.com K. Anne-Isola Nekaris Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Department of Anthropology School of Social Science and Law, Oxford Brookes University Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom anekaris@brookes.ac.uk ABSTRACT From December 2003 through May 2004, a survey was conducted on patas monkeys Erythrocebus patas in Kenya to determine the historic distribution, current distribution, conservation status, and threats. Patas were found in Laikipia District, Busia, West- Pokot, Turkana, Makueni and Taita Taveta Districts. Historically, patas were present in west, northwest, central and south Kenya. The geographic range of patas in Kenya has declined from ca. 88 800 km² to roughly 48 200 km² and the gaps among populations has increased. The current geographic range is ca. 54% of the known historic range, or ca. 8% of Kenya’s land surface area. All survey sites have their unique patas conservation challenges. Patas are occasionally killed as a consequence of crop raiding and for consumption. Water shortage is a threat to the survival of patas at some sites in Kenya. Habitat loss and degradation (due to human activities or wildlife) are the primary conservation problems for patas at all sites. This study and its recommendations should be taken as a basis for patas conservation action in Kenya. Keywords: Erythrocebus, patas, biogeography, distribution, crop raiding INTRODUCTION Patas monkeys Erythrocebus patas (von Schreber, 1774) (figures 1 and 3) have, for at least the last 40 years, occurred at low densities throughout their range in East Africa (Hall, 1965,