Integrating Inductive and Case-Based Technologies for Classification and Diagnostic Reasoning Abstract In this paper, we present two techniques for reasoning from cases: induction, and case-based reasoning. We compare and contrast the two technologies (that are often confused) and show how they complement one-another. We then describe how they can be integrated in a single platform for reasoning from cases: the INRECA system. 1 Introduction Currently, the acquisition of knowledge and the construction of a knowledge-based system from this knowledge is performed largely by hand. To improve the process of knowledge acquisi- tion to overcome this well-known bottleneck of expert system development, various activities are ongoing from both the knowledge engineering as well as the machine learning community. This is partially reflected by a number of scientific workshops on topics like multistrategy learning, computational architectures for supporting machine learning and knowledge acquisition, integrated learning architectures, mixed-paradigm reasoning among others. One central issue here is the inte- gration of different knowledge representation and processing schemes. Focusing on diagnostic problems, we will describe two different approaches to solve such problems using machine learning techniques, namely induction and case-based reasoning, respec- tively. Since it is the current state of the art that there are no satisfying answers available how these two approaches to acquire diagnostic competence differ in principle from a more theoretical, machine learning-oriented standpoint (cf., e.g., Shavlik & Dietterich, 1990), we will show that in- duction and case-based reasoning are complementary techniques from a knowledge acquisition technology perspective. We will describe one concrete inductive approach to diagnostic problem Klaus-Dieter Althoff Ralph Bergmann Frank Maurer Stefan Wess P.O. Box 3049 University of Kaiserslautern althoff@informatik.uni-kl.de Michel Manago Eric Auriol Noël Conruyt AcknoSoft 58a rue du Dessous des Berges 75013 Paris, France Ralph Traphöner Martin Bräuer Stefan Dittrich tecInno GmbH Sauerwiesen 2 D-67661 Kaiserslautern Germany