G. Pujolle et al. (Eds.): NETWORKING 2000, LNCS 1815, pp. 714-726, 2000
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000
Performance Evaluation of Resource Division Policies
for PGPS Scheduling in ATM Networks
Amr S. Ayad, Khaled M. F. Elsayed, and Mahmoud T. El-Hadidi
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering
Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt 12613
asaad@ie-eg.com, khaled@ieee.org, hadidi@frcu.eun.eg
Abstract. The paper addresses the issue of reserving resources at ATM
switches along the path of calls requiring a deterministic bound on end-to-end
delay. The switches are assumed to schedule outgoing packets using the
Packet-by-Packet Generalized Processor Sharing (PGPS) scheduling discipline.
We propose an algorithm for call admission control (CAC), and present the
simulation results used to evaluate the performance of the resource division
policies used for mapping the end-to-end delay requirement into service rates to
be reserved at each switch. The simulation results also show the performance
gain when a simple resource-based routing algorithm is used.
1 Introduction
One of the main promises of ATM networks is to provide users with Quality-of-
Service (QoS) guarantees, such as Cell Transfer Delay (CTD) and Cell Loss Ratio
(CLR). Handling the variety in QoS requirements of different applications requires
the network to use a mechanism for serving packets from different applications
according to their contracted QoS level. Many packet-scheduling disciplines have
been proposed in the literature to implement such mechanisms (see [4], [8], [9]). Each
scheduling discipline requires algorithms for performing call admission control
(CAC) and resource reservation. In this paper, we propose such algorithms for the
case of PGPS service discipline and calls requiring a hard (deterministic) bound on
end-to-end delay. The paper addresses the following problems:
1. How to map the end-to-end delay requirement of a call into a local resource
requirement to be reserved at each switch along the call’s path?
2. How to divide the resource requirement among the schedulers on the call’s path?
That is, a simple even division policy would be to reserve the same amount of
resources at all schedulers. However, it may be more efficient to use a policy that
takes schedulers capacities and/or loading into account.
3. How much gain (if any) would be obtained from applying non-even resource
division policies? What are the factors controlling the gain value?
The following terms will be used throughout the paper: