Injury, Int. J. Care Injured 34 (2003) 187–190
Reduction of time to definitive care in trauma patients:
effectiveness of a new checklist system
Patrick Schoettker
*
, Scott K D’Amours, Nadia Nocera, Erica Caldwell, Michael Sugrue
Director of Trauma Department, Liverpool Hospital, Elisabeth Street, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
Accepted 10 August 2002
Abstract
This study evaluated the feasibility of establishing a new trauma transfer checklist and assessed its impact on trauma-related interhospital
transfers.
A standard envelope with a printed checklist (N.E.W.S.) incorporating four key concepts in the care and transfer of trauma patients was
used.
A prospective comparison of consecutive interhospital trauma transfers to the major trauma service between July 1999–May 2000
(pre-N.E.W.S.) and August 2000–November 2000 (post-N.E.W.S.) was made. Changes in management satisfaction were assessed by a
Likert scale (1 = poor to 5 = excellent).
Pre-N.E.W.S., 88 trauma patients were transferred and 20 trauma transfers were recorded post-N.E.W.S. The time to definitive care
pre-N.E.W.S. was 443 ± 322 min, and 339 ± 108 min (P = 0.014) post-N.E.W.S. The time in the referring hospital was also reduced from
343 ± 310 min pre-N.E.W.S. to 197 ± 90 min post-N.E.W.S (P = 0.0002). The checklist system prompted changes in the management of
the trauma patient in 20% of the cases and there was a high level of satisfaction expressed by users of the checklist (4.6 ± 0.7).
The N.E.W.S. checklist is effective in facilitating the interhospital transfer of trauma patients by shortening the time to definitive care.
© 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Interhospital trauma transfer is a fundamental part of all
trauma systems [6,12]. Despite the wider adoption of Ad-
vanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) [5], prolonged time
to definitive care has been identified as an issue preventing
optimal care of injured patients [1,8,16]. Early transfer of
severely injured patients to a major trauma centre has been
shown to be associated with better survival [1,18].
Errors in interhospital trauma transfers, such as inade-
quate airway maintenance or inadequate cervical spine im-
mobilisation, are well recognised in Australia and overseas
[1,8,13].
Checklists are commonly used in the field of medicine,
and safety benefits associated with their use have been
demonstrated [10,15].
Previous research in South Western Sydney Area Health
Service (SWSAHS) has identified that delays in interhospital
trauma transfers and prolonged times to definitive care are
not uncommon [3].
*
Corresponding author. Tel.: +61-2-9828-3927; fax: +61-2-9828-3926.
E-mail address: michael.sugrue@swsahs.nsw.gov.au (P. Schoettker).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of
establishing a new trauma transfer checklist and to assess its
impact on both the time taken for interhospital trauma patient
transfers, and on patient management and interventions by
the referring hospital.
2. Materials and methods
South Western Sydney is a region of 6512 km
2
with a pop-
ulation in excess of 750,000. It has four urban and one rural
hospitals [14]. Liverpool Hospital is the designated Major
Trauma Service (MTS) for the region; it has 520 beds, in-
cluding 22 Intensive Care Unit beds. Since 1995, the Hospi-
tal has had a dedicated direct access phone number (Trauma
Hotline 02-9828-3666) for regional hospitals to access and
arrange transfer of a multiply injured trauma patient. Since
1994, all patients admitted to Liverpool Hospital have been
prospectively entered into a computerised trauma registry
by three trauma nurses skilled in trauma data collection and
trauma scoring [3].
A checklist incorporating four key concepts in the care
and transfer of trauma patients was designed (Fig. 1). The
checklist was chosen to enhance the existing concept and
0020-1383/02/$ – see front matter © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
PII:S0020-1383(02)00280-2