International Journal of Fracture 56: R33-R38, 1992.
© 1992 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. R3 3
THE FRACTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PROPAGATING CRACKS
V.V. Silberschmidt
Mining Institute, Ural Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences
78A K. Marx Str., 614007 Perm, Russia
tel: 3422/640688
In this report we study the application of the fractal approach for characteri-
zation of a crack propagating in a brittle stochastic media by an example of the
rectangular region ABCD, which contains the symmetry plane (and an apex) of
the V-shaped notch. We shall consider this region to be the cross-section of the
rectangular beam loaded with a constant force S on its ends far from the
cross-section under study. The direction of the force is perpendicular to the
region ABCD. We shall divide this cross-section into the elements whose
dimensions correspond to the requirements of the elementary volume (all
macroscopic parameters could be considered to be constant within such an
element). All the non-uniformity of the mechanical properties and a stochastic
character of the damage accumulation will be taken into account by setting the
distribution of these parameters along the elementary volumes in a random way.
The character of such a distribution is defined by experimental data and must
reflect in general both non-uniformity of the strength properties and the difference
in the rates of the defects development at various points of the material.
The present work uses a continuum approach to describe solids with
microdefects [1-3]. The results of the statistical-thermodynamic analysis of a
medium with microcracks and study of the characteristic reactions of solids to the
evolution of the population of defects [4] allows the derivation of the macroscopic
constitutive equations on the basis of the non-equilibrium thermodynamics taking
into account the processes interaction of change of the stress-strain state and
damage accumulation. The system of state equation consists of the physical
equation (elasticity or plasticity law) and the kinetic equation which describes the
evolution of the ensemble of defects. In a traditional case of the V-shaped notch
the crack-microcrack interaction becomes the leading factor in crack propagation
and in damage accumulation. So, besides the usual state equations one should
account for the exact crack in terms of the stress intensity factors. The stress
redistribution in this case could be described on the basis of known results, for
example by formulas from [5].
For the case under study the system of the constitutive equations can be
reduced to the load redistribution low for structural elements due to the crack
Iizt Journ of Fracture 56 (1992)