International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge, 2(10), pp. 487-496, 2014
Available online at http://www.ijsrpub.com/ijsrk
ISSN: 2322-4541; ©2014; Author(s) retain the copyright of this article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12983/ijsrk-2014-p0487-0496
487
Full Length Research Paper
Impact of Aging on Shear, Tensile Strength and Permanent Deformation of
Superpave Asphalt Concrete
Saad Issa Sarsam*, Ali Hussein Alwan
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq
*Corresponding Author: Email: saadisasarsam@coeng.uobaghdad.edu.iq
Received 30 August 2014; Accepted 03 October 2014
Abstract. Age hardening is a major factor affecting the durability of asphalt paving materials. The material properties change
with time as the asphalt cement becomes harder and the mixture becomes stiffer. There are two types of aging, short term
aging (STA) at mixing and laying stage and long term aging (LTA) during service life of pavement. The influence of aging
time on the indirect tensile strength, double punching shear, permanent deformation and fatigue life, have been investigated by
employing the short term aging (STA) and long term aging (LTA). It was concluded that aging process exhibits good
resistance to indirect tensile strength at the three temperatures (25 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C), while the shear increases, such rate of
changes was (+4%, +22%, +22%, +87%) respectively for STA mixtures. On the other hand, the increment after LTA of
mixtures is (+16%, +63%, +170%, +173%) respectively as compared with control mix. The permanent deformation decreases
by 12% and 63% at STA and LTA respectively. An increment in asphalt content from (4.8 % to 5.3 %) causes 43% increase in
permanent deformation (at 1000 cycle). A testing temperature change from 25 to 40 °C, leads to a permanent deformation
increase by 113% at the same load repetition.
Keywords: aging; tensile strength; shear strength, permanent deformation
1. INTRODUCTION
The asphalt paving mixture is normally subjected to
various detrimental types of distresses during its
service life. Durable pavement is one, which is able to
stand under such distresses for a long period without
significant deterioration. In aging, the material
properties change with time as the asphalt cement
becomes harder and the mixture becomes stiffer due
to oxidation and loss of volatiles, (Sarsam, 2007).
Meanwhile most of the available distress prediction
models are not considering the effects of aging on
performance of asphalt pavement, (Sarsam and Al-
Sadik, 2014).
Petersen (1984) suggested the fundamental factors
which causes hardening in asphalt materials; the loss
of oily components of bitumen by volatility or
absorption by mineral aggregate, the changes in
chemical composition as chemical molecules of
bitumen react with oxygen (oxidation) and molecular
structuring causing thixotropic effects (steric
hardening). Oxidation is the phenomenon when
chemical molecules in bitumen are oxidized by
oxygen in the atmosphere and form polar groups
containing oxygen, for instance, hydroxyl, carbonyl
and carboxylic groups, (Read and Whiteoak, 2003).
Ageing is also due to the loss of volatiles in bitumen.
Oily proportion of bitumen primarily volatizes due to
high temperature. In addition, the loss of volatiles is
also attributed to long-term exposure of asphalt to the
environment. In addition, depending on the
mineralogy of aggregate, oily component is also
absorbed by porosity when bitumen is in contact with
aggregate. However, the hardening due to this
phenomenon is not considerable compared to ageing
by oxidation, (Sarsam and Al-Sadik, 2014). Nguyen
(2009) studied many factors affecting the ageing
mechanism such as, air void content, temperature, and
production. Characteristics before and after ageing are
determined by resilient modulus and indirect tensile
tests. Othman et al. (1995) and Raad et al. (2001)
performed laboratory beam fatigue studies with aged
asphalt mixtures at different temperatures,
intermediate to low. Testing results indicate that aging
typically reduces the fatigue resistance, and the effects
of aging are more severe at low temperatures than at
intermediate temperatures. It can be inferred that the
more compatible characteristics of aging at low
temperatures are due to increasing brittleness and
reduced viscous nature during aging. Daniel et al.
(1998) investigated the effects of aging on fatigue
behavior of asphalt aggregate mixtures by monitoring