U.S. Geological Survey, Minerals Resources External Research Program Award Number: 06HQGR0174 Service Lifetimes of Mineral End Uses Daniel B. Mueller, Jing Cao, Elif Kongar, Matthew Altonji, Paul-Harvey Weiner, and T.E. Graedel Final Report November 2007 Research supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS award number 06HQGR0174. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. 1