Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Advances in Fuzzy Systems
Volume 2009, Article ID 407890, 6 pages
doi:10.1155/2009/407890
Research Article
Mappings on Fuzzy Soft Classes
Athar Kharal
1
and B. Ahmad
2, 3
1
College of Aeronautical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST),
PAF Academy Risalpur 24090, Pakistan
2
Department of Mathematics, King Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia
3
Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied Mathematics (CASPAM), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Correspondence should be addressed to Athar Kharal, atharkharal@gmail.com
Received 31 December 2008; Revised 12 May 2009; Accepted 23 June 2009
Recommended by Krzysztof Pietrusewicz
We define the concept of a mapping on classes of fuzzy soft sets and study the properties of fuzzy soft images and fuzzy soft inverse
images of fuzzy soft sets, and support them with examples and counterexamples.
Copyright © 2009 A. Kharal and B. Ahmad. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
1. Introduction
To solve complicated problems in economics, engineering
and environment, we cannot successfully use classical meth-
ods because of different kinds of incomplete knowledge,
typical for those problems. There are four theories: Theory of
Probablity, Fuzzy Set Theory (FST) [1], Interval Mathemat-
ics and Rough Set Theory (RST) [2], which we can consider
as mathematical tools for dealing with imperfect knowledge.
All these tools require the pre-specification of some param-
eter to start with, for example, probablity density function
in Probability Theory, membership function in FST and an
equivalence relation in RST. Such a requirement, seen in the
backdrop of imperfect or incomplete knowledge, raises many
problems. At the same time, incomplete knowledge remains
the most glaring characteristic of humanistic systems—
systems exemplified by biological systems, economic systems,
social systems, political systems, information systems and
more generally man-machine systems of various types.
Noting problems in parameter specification, Molodtsov
[3] introduced the notion of soft set to deal with problems
of incomplete information. Soft Set Theory (SST) does
not require the specification of a parameter, instead it
accommodates approximate descriptions of an object as
its starting point. This makes SST a natural mathematical
formalism for approximate reasoning. We can use any
parametrization we prefer: with the help of words, sentences,
real numbers, functions, mappings, and so on. This means
that the problem of setting the membership function or any
similar problem does not arise in SST.
Applications of SST in other disciplines and real life
problems are now catching momentum. Molodtsov [3]
successfully applied the SST into several directions, such
as smoothness of functions, Riemann integration, Perron
integration, Theory of Probability, Theory of Measurement
and so on. Kovkov et al. [4] have found promising results by
applying soft sets to Optimization Theory, Game Theory and
Operations Research. Maji et al. [5] gave practical application
of soft sets in decision making problems. It is based on the
notion of knowledge reduction of rough sets. Zou and Xiao
[6] have exploited the link between soft sets and data analysis
in incomplete information systems.
In [7], Yang et al. emphasized that soft sets needed to be
expanded to improve its potential ability in practical engi-
neering applications. Fuzzy soft sets combine the strengths
of both soft sets and fuzzy sets. Maji et al. [8] introduced the
notion of fuzzy soft set and discussed its several properties.
He proposed it as an attractive extension of soft sets, with
extra features to represent uncertainty and vagueness, on top
of incompleteness. Recent investigations [7–10] have shown
how both theories can be combined into a more flexible,
more expressive framework for modelling and processing
incomplete information in information systems.
The main purpose of this paper is to continue investigat-
ing fuzzy soft sets. In [11], Kharal and Ahmad introduced the
notions of a mapping on the classes of soft sets and studied