Accepted by M. Vences: 26 Sept. 2016; published: 24 Nov. 2016 ZOOTAXA ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511–528 http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article 511 http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:96CA8433-6743-4D2A-A5A8-B0BB1C86809B Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras JOSIAH H. TOWNSEND Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania 15705–1081, USA. Email: josiah.townsend@iup.edu Abstract Moss salamanders (genus Nototriton) are represented in northern Central America by nine putative species: N. barbouri, N. brodiei, N. lignicola, N. limnospectator, N. mime, N. picucha, N. saslaya, N. stuarti, and N. tomamorum. I estimate the phylogenetic relationships for these species based on data from three mitochondrial gene fragments (16S, cytochrome b, and COI), and compare morphological variation among putative taxa. As evidenced here and in previous studies, the taxon N. barbouri is paraphyletic with respect to populations from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios in northern Honduras. I re- strict this taxon to populations from the Sierra de Sulaco in central Yoro, Honduras, and describe two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios. Key words: Nototriton nelsoni sp. nov., Nototriton oreadorum sp. nov., Bryotriton, Parque Nacional Pico Bonito, Reser- va de Vida Silvestre Texíguat Resumen Las salamandras de musgo (género Nototriton) en el norte de Centro América están representadas por nueve especies re- conocidas: N. barbouri, N. brodiei, N. lignicola, N. limnospectator, N. mime, N. picucha, N. saslaya, N. stuarti, y N. tomamorum. En el presente estudio evalúo las relaciones filogenéticas para estas especies en base a tres fragmentos de genes mitocondriales (16S, cytochrome b, y COI) y comparo la variación morfológica entre los taxones reconocidos. Como se evidencia aquí y en estudios previos, el taxón N. barbouri es parafilético con respecto a las poblaciones de la Cordillera Nombre de Dios en el norte de Honduras. Limito este taxón a las poblaciones de la Sierra de Sulaco en la parte central de Yoro, Honduras, y describo dos nuevas especies provenientes de la Cordillera Nombre de Dios. Introduction Moss salamanders, genus Nototriton (Caudata: Plethodontidae), are a clade of 17 putative species of physically small, morphologically conserved salamanders whose distributions are limited to the highlands of Central America (Good & Wake 1993; García-París & Wake 2000; Boza-Oviedo et al. 2012; Townsend et al. 2013). Diminutive size and cryptic nature have long frustrated systematic studies of Nototriton, with many populations being known from only one or a few exemplars (e.g., Good & Wake 1993; Campbell & Smith 1998; Townsend et al. 2010). The subgenus Byrotriton accommodates eight taxa formerly referred to as the Nototriton barbouri species group (Dubois & Raffaëlli 2012), and represents an evolutionary radiation endemic to the Chortís Highlands biogeographic province of northern Central America (Townsend 2014). Focused investigation of Bryotriton populations in the Chortís Highlands of northern Central America have led to the discovery and description of three species since 2010: N. tomamorum (Townsend et al., 2010), N. picucha (Townsend et al., 2011a), and N. mime (Townsend et al., 2013). However, the taxonomic status of populations in northern Honduras assigned to N. barbouri (Schmidt, 1936) remains unresolved, despite being recognized as problematic since the first phylogenetic analysis that included samples from these populations (García-París & Wake 2000; McCranie & Wilson 2002; Townsend et al. 2011a, 2013).