Research Article
Perceived Body Image, Eating Behavior, and Sedentary Activities
and Body Mass Index Categories in Kuwaiti Female Adolescents
Lemia H. Shaban,
1
Joan A. Vaccaro,
2
Shiryn D. Sukhram,
3
and Fatma G. Huffman
2
1
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat,
13060 Kuwait City, Kuwait
2
Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University,
Miami, FL, USA
3
Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Blvd, Oice 6S-132, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
Correspondence should be addressed to Fatma G. Hufman; hufmanf@iu.edu
Received 22 June 2016; Revised 6 October 2016; Accepted 31 October 2016
Academic Editor: Alessandro Mussa
Copyright © 2016 Lemia H. Shaban et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
Background. he State of Kuwait has a growing obesity epidemic in both genders and all age groups; however, obesity rates in the
young seem to be rising. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 169 Kuwaiti female adolescents attending both private
and public schools spanning the six governorates in the State of Kuwait in order to explore female adolescents’ self-image, body
dissatisfaction, type of school (private versus public), TV viewing, and computer games and their relationship to body mass index.
Results. Approximately half the students classiied as obese perceived their body image to lie in the normal range. Females in the
obese category were the most dissatisied with their body image, followed by those in the overweight category. Eating behavior, level
of physical activity, school type, television viewing, computer/video usage, and desired BMI were not signiicantly associated with
level of obesity. Conclusion. his study was one of the few studies to assess adolescent females’ body image dissatisfaction in relation
to obesity in the State of Kuwait. he results suggest that including body image dissatisfaction awareness into obesity prevention
programs would be of value.
1. Introduction
Obesity prevalence in Kuwait is primarily a result of the
efects of modernization, aluence, increased food consump-
tion, and sedentary lifestyles [1, 2]. Other factors that play
a key role in escalating rates of obesity are sociocultural
factors, biological factors, eating behaviors, hours of tele-
vision viewing, and time spent on computers and video
games [3–6]. Children living in the Middle East have one
of the highest prevalences of overweight and obesity in the
world, with Kuwait having the highest childhood overweight
problem among the Gulf countries. Kuwait is also among the
countries with the highest rate of obesity within the last 33
years (1980–2013), with the prevalence exceeding 50% of adult
females [4, 7]. Several studies indicated that females present a
greater overweight and obesity concern in Kuwait as opposed
to males [7–10]. he higher prevalence of overweight and
obesity in females may be attributed to genetic diferences in
fat storage; girls store more body fat than males in preparation
for puberty and higher fat storage continues beyond puberty
[11].
Westernization and nutrition transition have occurred
at diferent rates in Arab countries [12, 13]. he movement
toward Westernization has had a negative efect on health by
promoting obesity [14] while thinness as a beauty standard is
being promoted in the media [15]. Children are not resistant
to media inluences and girls, in particular, were observed
to have body dissatisfaction as young as six years old [16–
18]. Research suggests that girls’ body image dissatisfaction,
previously viewed as problems of adolescence, actually occurs
long before puberty [19]. Although body dissatisfaction
occurs in boys and girls who are overweight, it is more
common in girls [20] and this can be seen later into adulthood
where the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction is higher
in women than in men in developing countries [21].
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
International Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 2016, Article ID 1092819, 7 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1092819