The Mirror-Neuron System and Observational Learning 1 Running head: MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM This is a pre-print of: Van Gog, T., Paas, F., Marcus, N., Ayres, P., & Sweller, J. (2009). The mirror-neuron system and observational learning: Implications for the effectiveness of dynamic visualizations. Educational Psychology Review, 21, 21-30. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.co The Mirror-Neuron System and Observational Learning: Implications for the Effectiveness of Dynamic Visualizations Tamara van Gog 1,2,* , Fred Paas 1,2,3 , Nadine Marcus 4 , Paul Ayres 4 , and John Sweller 4 1 Centre for Learning Sciences and Technologies (CELSTEC), 2 Netherlands Laboratory of Lifelong Learning (NeLLL) Open University of the Netherlands 3 Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands 4 University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia *Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Tamara van Gog, Open University of the Netherlands, Centre for Learning Sciences and Technologies (CELSTEC), P.O. Box 2960, 6401 DL, Heerlen, The Netherlands. Phone: +31 45 5762276, Fax: + 31 45 5762907, E-mail: tamara.vangog@ou.nl.