thermochimica
acta
ELSEVIER ThermochimicaActa 268 (1995) 105-120
Calculation and refinement of thermodynamic parameters
from thermometric titrations. II. The neutralization
enthalpies of phenols in hydro-alcoholic media
R. Forteza *, A. Caro, J.M. Estela, V. Cerd~t
Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07071 Palmade Mallorca. Spain
Received 3 May 1993;accepted 15 April 1995
Abstract
Several monoprotic and polyprotic phenols were analysed by thermometric titration in
a 50:50 v/v methanol/water medium. The performance of various methods for the calculation
and refinement of thermodynamic parameters from thermometric titration data in the determi-
nation of the neutralization enthalpies of several phenols in hydro-alcoholic media is compared
in terms of precision and the influence of the medium on the titration errors.
Keywords: Hydro-alcoholic media; Neutralization enthalpies; Phenols; Thermometric titration
1. Introduction
Thermometric titrations are widely used for the determination of inorganic acids,
carboxylic acids and phenols in both aqueous and non-aqueous media I-1-6]; more-
over, they allow the alkalimetric titration of even very weak acids [ 1]. In addition, they
provide precise A H, A G (p Ka) and A S values for ionization processes in an expeditious
manner.
Non-aqueous and mixed solvents offer well-known advantages in the titration of
acids and bases. Were the enthalpy of the reaction not so adversely affected by the
nature of the solvent, it could make rather a useful measurement parameter in
thermometric titrations since fairly low heat capacities result in steep slopes in the
titration graphs. This effect was investigated in earlier papers, where the influence of the
* Correspondingauthor.
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