Journal of Sustainability Science and Management
Volume 11 Number 1, June 2016: 1-13
ISSN: 1823-8556
© Penerbit UMT
WIDTH-WEIGHT AND LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS
OF THE TRI-SPINE HORSESHOE CRAB, Tachypleus tridentatus (LEACH 1819)
FROM TWO POPULATIONS IN SABAH, MALAYSIA: IMPLICATIONS
FOR POPULATION MANAGEMENT
FARIDAH MOHAMAD
1
*, AZWARFARID MANCA
1
, AMIRRUDIN AHMAD
1
, MUHD FAWWAZ
AFHAM MOHD SOFA
1
, AMIRUL ASYRAF ALIA’M
2
AND NORAZNAWATI ISMAIL
2
1
School of Marine and Environmental Sciences,
2
Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Horseshoe Crab Research Group,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu.
*Corresponding author: azwarfarid@ymail.com
Introduction
The Tri-spine horseshoe crab, Tachypleus
tridentatus (Leach, 1819) is among the three
Asian horseshoe crab species that belongs
to sub-family Tachypleinae. Tachypleus
tridentatus distributes within 12° N to 31° N and
90° E to 125° E geographical areas (Sekiguchi
& Shuster, 2009). Recent fossil discovered
in Manitoba, Canada, resembles the extant
horseshoe crabs proved that the horseshoe crab
has lived at least 445 million years ago with
very little morphological changes from their
ancestor (Mattei & Bekeey, 2008; Rudkin et
al., 2008). All the three Asian species (tri-spine
horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus, coastal
horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas and mangrove
horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)
were reported to exist in the waters along the
coast of Malaysia (Zaleha et al., 2008; Srijaya
et al., 2010; Ismail et al., 2011; Ismail et al.,
2012; Chatterji & Pati, 2014; Robert et al.,
2014). Even though the Asian horseshoe crab
does not have multiple utilization like Limulus
polyphemus that commercially harvested in the
production of LAL endotoxins detection kit
and as commercial bait to catch eel and conch
in United States (US), but still the public is
unconscious of the biological and ecological
importance of these horseshoe crabs (Tan et
al., 2012).
Abstract: A morphometry study of 259 individuals of Tri-spine horseshoe crab
Tachypleus tridentatus was carried out from April to October 2014 in two populations in
Sabah, Malaysia, one in Tanjung Limau and another in Inderasabah. Two methods were
used, i.e. visual search and gill netting. Both sites showed a higher number of males with
1.01:1 OSR (χ²=0.005, df=1, P>0.05) in Tanjung Limau, and 2.42:1 OSR (χ²=19.55,
df=1, P<0.05) in Inderasabah. T. tridentatus collected from Tanjung Limau are larger
than the population from Inderasabah. The prosomal width (PW) frequency for males
ranged from 30-31 cm and 26-27 cm whereas for females ranged from 38-39 cm and
30-31 cm in Tanjung Limau and Inderasabah respectively. The prosomal width-weight
relationship were W=0.0028 PW
3.9273
and W=0.0125 PW
3.5245
, while the total length-
weight relationship are W=0.0152 TL
2.8465
and W=0.0202 TL
2.7536
for Tanjung Limau and
Inderasabah respectively. Two-way ANCOVA revealed a signiicant difference among
PW-weight relationship in males and females in these two locations (F=4.74, df=1,
P<0.05). It conirms that both populations demonstrate allometric growth (b≠3) with a
higher increment of PW-weight as compared to TL-weight, which agrees with previous
studies that reported similar traits. The differences in these morphometric parameters in
both populations of T. tridentatus in this study suggest that they may derive from two
discrete populations. The indings of this study are useful to estimate the size of adults
and spawning individuals of T. tridentatus for better management of the population of
this unique animal.
Keywords: Horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, width-weight relationship, length-
weight relationship, Sabah, Malaysia.