Voters, Emotions, and Memory
Andrew J. W. Civettini
Knox College
David P. Redlawsk
University of Iowa
In this paper we argue that emotional response to information encountered in campaigns
has implications for the likelihood of remembering that information at the time of the vote.
Most voting models are built on what voters remember—whether it is the placement of
candidates on issues, or opened ended responses to prompts. That recall of memory is
biased is well-known, but the extent to which those biases are driven by affective response
to candidate information has not been studied. Using dynamic process tracing, we examine
voters’ emotional responses, information search, and candidate evaluations during a simu-
lated presidential primary campaign. By manipulating anxiety and the amount of incon-
gruent information that voters encounter, we can detect the direct influence of affect in
information processing. We find evidence that voters are more likely to remember informa-
tion that generates any affective reaction as opposed to information for which the subjects
report no emotional response. However, we find little evidence that anxiety has a special
role, compared to enthusiasm or anger, in increasing the likelihood that an individual item
is remembered. This challenges a primary contention of the theory of Affective Intelligence
that anxiety leads to more memories for campaign information.
KEY WORDS: Affect, Emotional response, Memory, Recall, Information processing
The study of emotion is burgeoning in political psychology, and for good
reason. It seems clear that politics is about feeling as much as it is about thinking.
Recent research has suggested that emotions broadly defined (emotional response,
affect, mood) can condition how and when political information is attended to and
evaluated, perhaps heightening attention and learning (Marcus & MacKuen, 1993;
Marcus, Neuman, & MacKuen, 2000) or influencing the updating of evaluations
(Kunda, 1990; Lodge, Taber, & Weber, 2006; Redlawsk, 2002; Redlawsk,
Civettini, & Lau, 2007). Affect and mood may also have an impact on memory at
Political Psychology, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2009
125
0162-895X © 2009 International Society of Political Psychology
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