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1040-7294/03/0700-0357/0 © 2004 Plenum Publishing Corporation
Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations, Vol. 15, Nos. 2/3, July 2003 (© 2004)
Singular Perturbations, Transversality, and Sil’nikov
Saddle-Focus Homoclinic Orbits*
* Dedicated to Victor A. Pliss on the occasion of his 70th birthday.
Flaviano Battelli
1
and Kenneth J. Palmer
2,3
1
Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università Politecnica delle
Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 1, 60100 Ancona, Italy.
2
Department of Mathematics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
3
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: palmer@math.ntu.edu.tw
Received April 2, 2003
We consider the singularly perturbed system x ˙=ef(x, y, e, l), y ˙ =g(x, y, e, l).
We assume that for small (e, l), (0, 0) is a hyperbolic equilibrium on the nor-
mally hyperbolic centre manifold y=0 and that y
0
(t) is a homoclinic solution
of y ˙ =g(0, y, 0, 0). Under an additional condition, we show that there is a curve
in the (e, l) parameter space on which the perturbed system has a homoclinic
orbit also. We investigate the transversality properties of this orbit and use our
results to give examples of 4 dimensional systems with Sil’nikov saddle-focus
homoclinic orbits.
KEY WORDS: Singular perturbations; transversality; homoclinic; centre mani-
fold.
1. INTRODUCTION
In this paper we consider a singularly perturbed system
˛
x ˙=ef(x, y, e, l)
y ˙ =g(x, y, e, l)
(1)
where x ¥ R
m
, y ¥ R
n
, l ¥ R, and e ¥ R are small parameters and f(x, y, e, l),
g(x, y, e, l) are C
r
-functions (r \ 2) in their arguments bounded with their
derivatives. We suppose that the following conditions are satisfied: