© 2016 Akhilesh Chandra Pandey and Mohit Jamwal. This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons
Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license.
Journal of Social Sciences
Original Research Paper
Realizing the Impact of Cognitive Dissonance in Predicting
Consumer Behaviour
Akhilesh Chandra Pandey and Mohit Jamwal
HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
Article history
Received: 10-03-2015
Revised: 11-05-2015
Accepted: 05-06-2015
Corresponding Author:
Mohit Jamwal
HNB Garhwal University,
Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand,
India
Email: mohit.jamwal88@rediffmail.com
Abstract: Consumer psychology has always been the centre of concern for the
marketers from the old time and understanding the underlying aspects leads to
effective decision making. The present study elicits the concept of post
purchase cognitive dissonance in the consumers and embraces its implications
in studying the consumer behaviour. A survey was conducted and well framed
questionnaire was constructed covering various dimensions of variables
studied. Some of the underlying dimensions of cognitive dissonance have been
rigorously discussed and statistically tested in this study. Specifically, the
impact of product involvement, time taken to make a purchase decision and
level of information search on the cognitive dissonance have been analysed
that provides really significant benefits to the marketers.
Keywords: Cognitive Dissonance, Consumer Psychology, Post Purchase
Dissonance
Introduction
Understanding Consumer Behaviour is a significant
approach in every marketing strategy of a firm and
therefore, a comprehensive examination of the various
dimensions and aspects has to be done for the
organisation’s success. Although, enough care has to be
taken in strategy implementation at each step, various
marketers are even more worried about the post
consumption phase of the product or service. This is the
time when the consumers’ show their like/dislike for the
product and lead to patronage towards the product and
the company. One such dimension which impacts the
patronage or repurchase is the level of consonance or
dissonance developed towards the purchase.
The dissonance may be developed in pre-decisional
phase in the consumer’s decision making process due to
the various forgone competitor’s product features against
in the purchased ones (Koller and Salzberger, 2007) or in
the post purchase phase due to the disconfirmation of
initial expectations about the product. This leads to stage
of cognitive dissonance which comes in existence when
a consumer become confused on the two beliefs held by
him that cannot exist together and creates a
psychological discomfort for him. The resulting
discomfort motivates the individual to reduce the tension
already developed by some means. This refers to the one
of the social psychology’s greatest theories known as the
Theory of Cognitive dissonance (Festinger, 1957).
Dissonance is mainly experienced by three main means:
Firstly if there is any logical inconsistency exists in the
consumer’s mind. Secondly, if there is disagreement
between two different attitudes or behaviours. Thirdly,
dissonance may also occur after disconfirmation of a
strongly held belief (Loudon, 1993). Now if dissonance
arises, a person feels uncomfortable and finds ways to
reduce this psychological discomfort. There are several
ways in which the consumer strives to reduce
dissonance. First, he may change his evaluation of
alternative. Second, he may seek new information to
support his choice and thirdly, he may change his
attitudes. Therefore, the personal characteristics of the
customer may have a significant impact on the post-
purchase behaviour due to the dynamic psychological
changes incur in their minds (evaluation of products).
Literature Review
Human mind always have a curiosity to assess the
value generated after the consumption of a product or a
service. Senses of contradicting thoughts are generated
in consumer’s mind that evaluates the features of product
purchased and the foregone competitor’s offering
benefits. These persuasions keep on striking in the
consumer’s mind, make him unwell and rethink about
the purchase whether it was a wise or poor decision
(Kassarjian and Cohen, 1965).
Consumer decision making process involves various
steps and depending upon the involvement of the
product, a customer performs activities at all the steps or