Sustainable consumption in Brazil: Identification of preliminary
requirements to guide product development and the definition of
public policies
Ângela Maria Marx, Istefani Carísio de Paula and Fabiane Sum
Abstract
Sustainable product development is closely related to sustainable consumption.The understanding of consumers’ purchase,
use and discard behaviours may facilitate the identification of requirements to guide manufacturers in the development of
sustainable goods and services.The aim of this paper is to investigate consumers’ perception about factors that motivate or
discourage the consumption of sustainable products to identify demands and convert them into requirements. South Brazilian
green and traditional consumers were asked to complete an exploratory qualitative questionnaire. Their answers were
organized and compared to identify differences and similarities between the demands of these two groups. Furthermore,
demands were converted into requirements for packages, products, manufactures, stores planning and discard systems.The
interpretation of factors that motivate or discourage the purchase of sustainable products given by interviewees led to the
creation of a list of possible public policies or programmes, aiming to support sustainable consumption. The results
demonstrate the necessity of further quantitative investigation between consumer groups, for validation purposes.
Keywords: Sustainable consumption; Sustainable product development; Sustainable consumption and production policies; Brazil.
1. Introduction
The significance of sustainable development was formally
acknowledged in the Brundtland report in 1987 (WCED,
1987; Seyfang, 2003) leading to legal, financial and market
pressures on organizations to develop sustainable products
and services (Maxwell and Van der Vorst, 2003). According
to Seliger et al. (2006), sustainability strives to increase
productivity and resource use to attend human needs,
without compromising the planet’s natural limits.
In a sustainability approach, products, services and
processes must be systemically designed considering social,
environmental and economical issues in a triple bottom-line
(TBL) related to their entire lifecycle (Seliger and Mertins,
2007; Luttropp and Karlsson, 2001). Therefore, sustainable
new product development (NPD) is a complex task that
requires the design of production and consumption
elements in an optimized balance, within a system that
usually includes several stakeholders. The complexity of
sustainable NPD is in part due to the large amount of
information that is input in the development process
of goods and services. The information sources include
stakeholder’s requirements, as well as political,
technological, social, environmental and economical
factors (Baxter, 1996; Marx, 2009). The input information
will be used along the development process to generate
goods and services that meet customers’ needs.
Possible stakeholders include consumers, workers and
suppliers, as well as the community and the government,
among others. All of them have particular interests and
demands, which relate to distinct phases of the product
lifecycle. Understanding the needs of stakeholders is central
to avoid design and market drawbacks originating from
deficiencies in requirements elicitation and product
definition in the early phases of product development
(Tseng and Jiao, 1997; Kotonya and Sommerville, 2000;
Young, 2003; Creveling et al., 2003).
The marketing assessment of potential consumers is
commonly performed by specialized agencies via
interviews, focus groups or other information assessment
methods that are usually considered expensive. Pujari and
Ângela Maria Marx is a PhD student at the Industrial Engineering
Department of the Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Brazil. E-mail:
amarx@producao.ufrgs.br
Istefani Carísio de Paula is a Professor at the Industrial Engineering
Department of the Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Brazil.
Fabiane Sum is undergraduate student at the Industrial Engineering
Department of the Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Brazil.
Natural Resources Forum 34 (2010) 51–62
© 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 United Nations