Global Networks 8, 3 (2008) 329–346. ISSN 1470–2266. © 2008 The Author(s)
Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd & Global Networks Partnership 329
Family divided: the class formation of
Honduran transnational families
LEAH SCHMALZBAUER
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, 2–128 Wilson Hall,
Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
schmalzb@montana.edu
Abstract Although there is a growing literature on transnational families, we know
little about the class formation of such families and even less about how transnational
migration and generation interact in this process. In this article I draw from
ethnographic research with Honduran immigrant parents in the USA and
transnational youths in Honduras to theorize the class formation of transnational
families. Based on Bryceson and Vuorela’s concepts of frontiering and relativizing, I
show how economic remittances bolster the expectations and improve the lifestyles of
transnational youths to the detriment of their parents’ welfare in the USA. That
parents often relativize their communication, choosing not to tell children about their
struggles, can contribute to increased inequalities within families. Finally, my data
suggest that it will be difficult for transnational youths to meet their newfound
expectations and maintain their lifestyles without a permanent flow of remittances
and thus the ongoing separation of family.
Keywords TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION, TRANSNATIONAL FAMILIES, TRANSNATIONAL
YOUTHS, HONDURAS, CLASS FORMATION, REMITTANCES
Marcos is a poor and undocumented immigrant from Tela, a bustling town on
Honduras’s northern coast. Since migrating to the USA in 1999, Marcos has worked
in a meat packing plant on the outskirts of Boston. His work hours are long, the
labour strenuous, and his wages low. He is barely scraping by. Still, Marcos manages
to send $250 a month to his wife and sons who remain in Honduras.
In Tela, Marcos’s wife is raising their children. It is a struggle to be apart, yet the
family is sustained by weekly phone calls and the economic boost that migration has
provided. For the past three years Marcos’s children have attended private schools,
played soccer in a private league, and their lives have grown more comfortable with
the purchase of new household appliances, a computer, fashionable clothes and the
construction of a small addition on their house.
Marcos’s children are ambitious and serious students who exude optimism. They