Language, Figurative Thought, and
Cross-Cultural Comparison
Zoltán Kövecses
School of English and American Studies
Eötvös Loränd University
The articles in this special issue shed refreshing new light on a number of issues in
the cross-cultural study of metaphor and its use in teaching and learning foreign
languages. The theory of conceptual metaphor is emerging in this volume as a new
tool that is capable of providing serious assistance to both teachers and students of
these languages. Yet, the main attraction of the articles, at least for me, is that in ad-
dition to giving us this new tool, the articles point to new directions in the
cross-cultural study of metaphor. Boers (this issue) put together a set of exciting ar-
ticles that will, I believe, stimulate a great deal of future research both in applied
and cognitive linguistics, or as some scholars would call this fledgling field, “ap-
plied cognitive linguistics” (Pütz, Niemeier, & Dirven, 2001).
Low (this issue) discusses one of the most basic issues: How do we go from
metaphorical expressions to conceptual metaphors? This is an especially pertinent
question in light of the many mistaken metaphor analyses in the literature. As Low
shows, it is not easy to arrive at conceptual metaphors, and explicit guidelines are
needed to help applied linguists who see a potential in the theory of conceptual
metaphor for the purposes of language teaching.
The cognitive linguistic view of metaphor is a complex theory. In this view,
metaphor is seen as being constituted by a variety of parts, or components, that in-
teract with each other. These include the following:
(1) Experiential basis
(2) Source domain
(3) Target domain
METAPHOR AND SYMBOL, 18(4), 311–320
Copyright © 2003, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Requests for reprints should be sent to Zoltán Kövecses , School of English and American Studies,
Eötvös Loränd University, Ajtösi Dürer sor 19–21, H–1146 Budapest, Hungary. E-mail: zkovecses@
ludens.elte.hu