Comparison of bacterial production in sediments, epiphyton and the pelagic zone of a lowland river HELMUT FISCHER and MARTIN PUSCH Department of Limnology of Lowland Rivers and Shallow Lakes, Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Mu È ggelseedamm, Berlin, Germany SUMMARY 1. The microbial metabolism of organic matter in rivers has received little study compared with that of small streams. Therefore, we investigated the rate and location of bacterial production in a sixth-order lowland river (Spree, Germany). To estimate the contribution of various habitats (sediments, epiphyton, and the pelagic zone) to total bacterial production, we quanti®ed the contribution of these habitats to areal production by bacteria. 2. Large areas of the river bottom were characterized by loose and shifting sands of relatively homogenous particle size distribution. Aquatic macrophytes grew on 40% of the river bottom. Leaf areas of 2.8 m 2 m )2 river bottom were found in a 6.6 km river stretch. 3. The epiphyton supported a bacterial production of 5±58 ng C cm )2 h )1 . Bacterial production in the pelagic zone was 0.9±3.9 lgCL )1 h )1 , and abundance was 4.0±7.8 ´ 10 9 cells L )1 . Bacterial production in the uppermost 2 cm of sediments ranged from 1 to 8 lg C cm )3 h )1 , and abundance from 0.84 to 6.7 ´ 10 9 cells cm )3 . Bacteria were larger and more active in sediments than in the pelagic zone. 4. In spite of relatively low macrophyte abundance, areal production by bacteria in the pelagic zone was only slightly higher than in the epiphyton. Bacterial biomass in the uppermost 2 cm of sediments exceeded pelagic biomass by factors of 6±22, and sedimentary bacterial production was 17±35 times higher than in the overlying water column. 5. On a square meter basis, total bacterial production in the Spree was clearly higher than primary productivity. Thus, the lowland river Spree is a heterotrophic system with benthic processes dominating. Therefore, sedimentary and epiphytic bacterial productivity form important components of ecosystem carbon metabolism in rivers and shallow lakes. 6. The sediments are focal sites of microbial degradation of organic carbon in a sand- bottomed lowland river. The presence of a lowland river section within a river continuum probably greatly changes the geochemical ¯uxes within the river network. This implies that current concepts of longitudinal biogeochemical relationships within river systems have to be revised. Keywords : bacterial production, lowland rivers, macrophytes, pelagic zone, sediments Introduction Stream sediments are generally covered by bio®lms, which are densely colonized by bacteria and exhibit intense microbial metabolism (e.g. Lock, 1993; Fischer, Pusch & Schwoerbel, 1996; Marxsen, 1999). The con- tact area between stream water and these bio®lms Correspondence: Helmut Fischer, Department of Limnology of Lowland Rivers and Shallow Lakes, Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Mu È ggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany. E-mail: ®scher@igb-berlin.de Freshwater Biology (2001) 46, 1335±1348 Ó 2001 Blackwell Science Ltd 1335