Review of Radical Political Economics 34 (2002) 335–341
Turkey: bankruptcy of neoliberal policies and
the possibility of alternatives
Özgür Orhangazi
Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Abstract
The year 2001 in Turkey has been marked by a destructive economic crisis. This paper argues that the
crisis can neither be explained solely by the coincidence of independent events nor by technical problems
of economic policies. The increased fragility of the system after the implementation of an IMF-directed
“disinflation and stabilization” program paved the way for the collapse of both the program itself and
the economy. Insistence on these types of policies will only worsen the conditions, and results of the
policies are both economically and socially undesirable. This paper proposes alternative policies and
tools, which will provide improvements in growth, employment, and income distribution.
© 2002 Published by URPE.
JEL classification: E6; E44; F32
Keywords: Financial crisis; IMF; Turkey
Until November 2000, Turkey was winning praise from international financial analysts
and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for its stabilization policies. However, after a
relatively small financial turmoil in November 2000, 2001 brought the country into the midst of
a devastating crisis. The increased fragility of the system after the first year of an IMF-directed
“disinflation and stabilization” program has paved the way for the collapse of the economy. The
first section highlights the sources of macroeconomic instability in Turkey. The next section
analyzes the road to the 2001 financial crisis. Finally, we show that alternative policies and
tools are available.
1. Political economy of macroeconomic instability
After financial liberalization in 1989, Turkey’s growth performance has been sluggish
with a “boom-bust” growth performance with a relatively low average growth rate and high
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