Pergamon
Tetrahedron Letters, Vol. 38, No. 44, pp. 7805-7808, 1997
© 1997 ElsevierSciencel.,td
All rights reserved.Printed in Great Britain
PII: S0040-4039(97) 10042-9 0040-4039197 $17.00 + 0.00
A Metallocene Molecular Gear
Andrew M. Stevens and Christopher J. Richards*
Department of Chemistry, University of Wales, Cardiff, PO Box 912, Cardiff, CFI 3TB, UK.
Abstract: In a five step synthesis (ethynylcyclopentadienyl)(tetraphenylcyclobutadiene)cobalt is
produced in 19% overall yield from sodium carbomethoxycyclopentadienylide. Subsequent cross-
coupling with 9-iodoanthracene (76%) and addition of benzyne (52%) gave (9-
triptyeylethynyleyclopentadienyl)(tetraphenylcyclobutadiene)cobalt, the first example of a metallocene
containing molecular gear. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
The quest for novel molecular components that function in an analogous fashion to macroscopic
mechanical systems has recently led to the synthesis and description of such molecules as a shuttle, t a brake 2
and a turnstile. 3 These are providing a basis for the future design of nanoscale systems and materials to
perform tasks as varied as catalysis and nanoscale manipulation, information storage, and replication. One of
the earliest examples of a molecular component, reported simultaneously by Mislow and Iwamura, utilises
oxygen or methylene linked triptycenes to give molecules 1 analogous to a three-toothed bevel gear. 4
Subsequent studies on ring substituted phase isomers of 1 established that the two triptycenes undergo
correlated rotation with an energy barrier to this gearing mechanism of only 1-2 kcal mol 1. In contrast, gear
slippage requires an activation energy of 30 - 40 kcal mol l such that disrotatory cog wheeling in these
systems is as strictly specified as are rotations in symmetry-controlled reactions. 5
Simple carbon derived rotors such as triptycene are limited by valency to three cog-teeth. In order to
increase the number of cog-teeth available in simple rotors, and to use these for the generation of molecular
gears with non-equal gearing ratios, we became interested in the possibility of utilising metallocenes. The
low energy barrier to rotation of the ~-fragrnent about the metal may be regarded as analogous to rotation
about a low friction ball-bearing. To explore the possibility of using metallocenes in this way we embarked
upon a synthesis of 2, in which an acetylene substituted triptycene is linked to a four-toothed tetraphenyl
cyclobutadiene containing metallocene.
2
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