Sizing optimization, dynamic modeling and energy management strategies of a stand-alone PV/hydrogen/ battery-based hybrid system Manuel Castan ˜ eda a , Antonio Cano b , Francisco Jurado b , Higinio Sa ´ nchez c , Luis M. Ferna ´ ndez a, * a Department of Electrical Engineering, EPS Algeciras, University of Cadiz, Avda. Ramo ´n Puyol, s/n. 11202 Algeciras (Ca ´diz), Spain b Department of Electrical Engineering, EPS Linares, University of Jaen, C/ Alfonso X, no. 28. 23700 Linares (Jae ´n), Spain c Department of Electrical Engineering, ESI Cadiz, University of Cadiz, C/ Chile, no. 1. 11002 Cadiz, Spain article info Article history: Received 3 September 2012 Received in revised form 10 January 2013 Accepted 12 January 2013 Available online xxx Keywords: Sizing optimization Hydrogen Battery Photovoltaic Control strategies abstract This paper presents a sizing method and different control strategies for the suitable energy management of a stand-alone hybrid system based on photovoltaic (PV) solar panels, hydrogen subsystem and battery. The battery and hydrogen subsystem, which is com- posed of fuel cell (FC), electrolyzer and hydrogen storage tank, act as energy storage and support system. In order to efficiently utilize the energy sources integrated in the hybrid system, an appropriate sizing is necessary. In this paper, a new sizing method based on Simulink Design Optimization (SDO) of MATLAB was used to perform a technical opti- mization of the hybrid system components. An analysis cost has been also performed, in that the configuration under study has been compared with those integrating only batte- ries and only hydrogen system. The dynamic model of the designed hybrid system is detailed in this paper. The models, implemented in MATLAB-Simulink environment, have been designed from commercially available components. Three control strategies based on operating modes and combining technical-economic aspects are considered for the energy management of the hybrid system. They have been designed, primarily, to satisfy the load power demand and, secondarily, to maintain a certain level at the hydrogen tank (hydrogen energy reserve), and at the state of charge (SOC) of the battery bank to extend its life, taking into account also technical-economic analysis. Dynamic simulations were performed to evaluate the configuration, sizing and control strategies for the energy management of the hybrid system under study in this work. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid system with the presented controls is able to provide the energy demanded by the loads, while maintaining a certain energy reserve in the storage sources. Copyright ª 2013, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ34 956028166; fax: þ34 956028001 E-mail addresses: manuel.castaneda.balbuena@gmail.com (M. Castan ˜ eda), acano@ujaen.es (A. Cano), fjurado@ujaen.es (F. Jurado), higinio.sanchez@uca.es (H. Sa ´ nchez), luis.fernandez@uca.es (L.M. Ferna ´ ndez). Available online at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/he international journal of hydrogen energy xxx (2013) 1 e16 Please cite this article in press as: Castan ˜ eda M, et al., Sizing optimization, dynamic modeling and energy management strategies of a stand-alone PV/hydrogen/battery-based hybrid system, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2013), http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.01.080 0360-3199/$ e see front matter Copyright ª 2013, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.01.080