Machine Translation 13: 135–227, 1998.
© 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.
135
An Applied Ontological Semantic Microtheory of
Adjective Meaning for Natural Language
Processing
VICTOR RASKIN
Natural Language Processing Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1336, USA
vraskin@purdue.edu
SERGEI NIRENBURG
Computing Research Laboratory, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
sergei@crl.nmsu.edu
Abstract. This paper is devoted to determining and representing adjectival meaning. The results
form a microtheory in the Mikrokosmos project on computational ontological semantics. Mikrokos-
mos microtheories cover the meaning of lexical categories in several languages, the ontological
model used as metalanguage for language description and syntax–semantics mapping as well as
the actual process of text analysis and generation. This paper presents a critical analysis of the
body of knowledge on adjectives amassed to date in linguistics and presents a detailed, practically
tested methodology and heuristics for the acquisition of adjectival lexical entries for computational
applications. The work is based on the set of over 6,000 English and about 1,500 Spanish adjectives
obtained from task-oriented corpora.
Key words: ontological semantics, adjectives, computational lexicography, corpora
1. Introduction
The goal of this paper is to determine how much information about adjectival
meaning should be included in a computational lexicon for broad-coverage ma-
chine translation (MT). We concentrate on adjectival meaning proper and not on
how lexical entries for adjectives are used in producing computational semantic
analyses. The latter issue will be part of a report about semantic analysis in the
Mikrokosmos project, including the semantic analysis of adjectival modification
as one of the many manifestations of the phenomenon of modification in language
(see also Raskin and Nirenburg, 1996a,b).
1
The practical objective of the study has been to develop a method for describing
the semantics of adjectives in a corpus of Spanish and English journalistic texts
as part of a larger effort to develop a computational method for determining and
representing the meaning of natural language texts. Some fundamental premises