IJSRSET162564 | Received : 26 Nov. 2016 | Accepted : 04 Dec. 2016 | November-December-2016 [(2) 6: 254-262 ] © 2016 IJSRSET | Volume 2 | Issue 6 | Print ISSN: 2395-1990 | Online ISSN : 2394-4099 Themed Section: Engineering and Technology 254 Effect of Cryogenic Treatment of Cutting Tool on Surface Roughness in Machining of Stainless Steel (304 H) Tejinderpal Singh, Gurdev Singh, Amandeep Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering, IET Bhaddal, Ropar, Punjab, India ABSTRACT The increasing importance of machining operations is gaining new dimensions in the present industrial age, all the efforts to be directed towards the economical and quantitatively acceptable manufacture of machined parts. Surface finish is one of the most crucial quality measures in manufacturing products. Customers now have increasingly high demands on quality, making surface roughness one of the most competitive dimensions in today’s manufacturing industry. Stainless Steel (304H) is extensively used material for engineering components. Tungsten carbide tool is common tool used for machining operation of Stainless Steel (304H). Present work is a study of the surface roughness of work specimen during turning operation. The machining is performed with deep & shallow cryogenically treated and untreated tool bits used in turning process. In present work full factorial experimentation approach is applied to study the impact of machining parameters on the surface roughness of turned workpieces using cryogenically treated and untreated tool. The study presents a comparison between the machining performances of deep, shallow cryogenically treated and untreated tool bits with a methodology to achieve optimum selection of machining parameters and bit nose radius for CNC turning operations and describe the interrelationships between machining parameters and surface roughness during operation. The results indicate the treatment done cryogenically on the material improves the hardness of the material. In this work, a comparison has been done for the machining performance of deep & shallow cryogenically treated, and untreated tool bits. Keywords : Cryogenic, stainless steel, CNC Turning Operation I. INTRODUCTION Machining of metal is the process by which the components are brought into the desirable shape & size by removing the extra material from the parent metal in the form of chips. There are various machining processes like turning, milling, drilling, shaping, planning and broaching etc. Turning is most common among above processes. The increasing importance of turning operation is gaining new dimensions in the present industrial age because of the development of CNC machines for manufacturing industries. To optimize the output of material from CNC machines a detailed study regarding the various process variables is required. The machining process variables are categorized into three categories they are tool variables, work-piece variables, and set-up variables. The variables include tool material, nose radius, tool wear, tool geometry, tool vibration, machine tool rigidity and tool overhang etc. Workpiece variables cover work material, material hardness, length & diameter of the work–piece. Set-up variables include cutting speed, feed & depth of cut. All the above variables interact and are generally dependent. That is why it is necessary to obtain optimal value of different process variables so as to fulfill the efficient & economical machining. As the technology has been rapidly advancing, newer cutting tool materials such as cemented carbides, cermets, and ceramics, are needed to machine many difficult to machine at higher cutting speed and higher MRR with performance reliability. The commonly used cutting tool material in machine tools for machining of steels is tungsten carbide.