社団法人 電子情報通信学会 信学技報 THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS, IEICE Technical Report INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERS 33 This article is a technical report without peer review, and its polished and/or extended version may be published elsewhere. Copyright ©2013 by IEICE Reflexive interpretations in Turkish Barış KAHRAMAN † and Aydın ÖZBEK ‡ † The University of Tokyo/JSPS, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo, 153-8902 ‡ Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Education C1-207, 17100 Turkey E-mail: † kahraman@comu.edu.tr, ‡ aydinozbek@gmail.com Abstract Turkish has two divergent forms of reflexive pronouns: kendi (self) and kendisi (self-3sg). In the literature, different views are expressed regarding the binding relations of these reflexives. According to Sezer (1979-80), both kendi and kendisi can be bound with either the subject of the embedded clause or the subject of the matrix clause. On the other hand, many researchers point out that kendi is more likely to be bound with the subject of the embedded clause, whereas kendisi can be bound with either the subject of the embedded clause or the subject of the matrix clause. However, these generalizations were derived from a limited number of linguistic analyses or the intuitions of researchers, and Turkish native speakers’ reflexive preferences are not attested empirically. To provide evidence for the reflexive interpretation and support existing linguistics analyses in Turkish, we conducted a truth-value-judgment task with 64 Turkish native speakers. The results showed that participants preferred both short-distance and long-distance interpretation for kendi. For kendisi, on the other hand, participants overwhelmingly preferred the long-distance interpretation. These results suggested that the interpretations of reflexives are different in Turkish and that kendi is much freer than kendisi (c.f. Göksel & Kerslake, 2005). Keywords Reflexives, binding, Turkish, kendi, kendisi ࢺルコ語࡟࠾けࡿ再帰代詞ࡢ選好性 ࢝フラマン バルシュ ࢜ズベッキ ア࢖ࢻࢗン あࡽࡲしࢺルコ語࡟ ࡣkendi ࡜ kendisi ࡜いう二種類ࡢ再帰代詞ࡀ存ᅾすࡿࠋこࢀࡽࡢ再帰代詞࡜そࡢ先行詞ࡢ間ࡢ束縛 関係࡟関しࠊ先行研究異࡞ࡿ主張ࡀ行わࢀいࡿࠋ例え ࡤSezer㸦1979㸫80㸧ࠊࡣ両方ࡢ再帰代詞࡜ࡶ埋ࡵ込ࡳ節ࡢ主語 ࡲ ࠊࡣࡓ主節ࡢ主語࡜束縛ࡁࡿ࡜述べいࡿ ࠋ一方多くࡢ研究者 ࠊࡣkendi ࡣ殆࡝ࡢ場合埋ࡵ込ࡳ節ࡢ主語࡜束縛さࢀࡿ ࠊࡀ kendisi ࡣ埋ࡵ込ࡳ節࡜主節ࡢ両者ࡢ主語࡜ࡶ束縛ࡁࡿ ࠊ࡜述べいࡿ ࠋし࠿し ࠊこࢀࡽࡢ結論ࡣ限ࡽࢀࡓ言語学的分析ࡲ ࠊࡣࡓ 研究者ࡢ内省的直観࡟ࡼࡗ導࠿ࢀࡓࡶࡢあࡾ ࠊ実際࡟ࢺルコ語母語話者࡟ࡼࡿ再帰代詞ࡢ選好性ࢆ反映しいࡿࡶࡢ ࡣ ࡞いࠋそこࠊ本研究ࢺࡣルコ語ࡢ再帰代詞ࡢ束縛関係࡟ࡘい検討ࢆ行いࠊ従来ࡢ言語学的分析ࢆ裏付けࡿࡓࡵࢺࠊルコ 語母語話者 64 ࢆ対象࡟真偽判断課題ࢆ行 ࠋࡓࡗ結果ࢺࠊルコ語母語話者 ࡀkendi ࡢ先行詞࡜しࡣ埋ࡵ込ࡳ節࡜主節ࡢ主語ࢆ 程度選ࢇࡢࡔ࡟対し ࠊkendisi ࡢ先行詞࡜しࡣᅽ倒的࡟主節ࡢ主語ࢆ選ࢇ ࠋࡔこࢀࢺࠊࡣルコ語ࡢ再帰代詞ࡢ選好性ࡀ異 ࡞ࡿこ࡜࡜ࠊkendi ࡢ方 ࡀkendisi ࡼࡾࡶ自由あࡿこ࡜ࢆ示唆しいࡿ(c.f. Göksel & Kerslake, 2005) ࠋ キーワー ࢻ再帰代詞㸪束縛㸪ࢺルコ語㸪kendi㸪kendisi 1. Introduction In Turkish, two types of reflexive pronouns exist: kendi (self) and kendisi (self-3sg). The former is the bare form, and the latter is the inflected form of the former marked with the third person singular suffix. There are different views in the linguistics literature regarding the binding relations of these reflexives with their antecedents. For example, Sezer (1979-80) takes pragmatic factors into consideration and argues that both kendi and kendisi can take either the subject of the embedded clause or the subject of the matrix clause as its antecedent, as shown in (1) and (2) [1]. (1) Ali i Can j - ın kendi i/j -nden kork-tu ğ u-nu zannediyor. A C-gen self-from scare-comp-acc thinks ‘ Ali thinks that Can is scared of him / himself. ’ (2) Ali i Can j - ın kendisi i/j -nden kork-tu ğ u-nu zannediyor. A C-gen self-3sg-from scare-comp-acc thinks ‘ Ali thinks that Can is scared of him / himself. ’ According to Sezer (1979-80), kendi and kendisi may refer to either the embedded subject Can or the matrix subject Ali . The main difference between the two sentences is empathy, namely the speaker ’s attitude toward the person being described. Sezer indicates that kendi is used to express internal feelings of the persons