1 Feasibility Study for a Long-Term Reforestation Project in Eluai Village, Monduli District, Tanzania Stephanie Hauck 1 Genevieve Edens 2 Kesuma Ole KasiKasi 3 1 Kitumusote, PO BOX 14792, Arusha, Tanzania, East Africa 2 Wesleyan University, Connecticut, USA 3 Kitumusote, PO BOX 14792, Arusha, Tanzania, East Africa Abstract: In this study, we assess the need and desire for an alternative way to generate income which would preserve the environment instead of harming it. Informants told us that the quality of the environment had changed because of increasing erosion, a lack of rain and water sources, a reduction in livestock numbers, an increase in the number of farms, rapid deforestation and increased poverty. Without trees, the important symbiotic relationship between the Maasai and their environment would be destroyed. It would become necessary for the Maasai to leave their homeland and move to the cities. Local residents saw tree planting as the solution to this problem. In this study, we have shown that there is a great need as well as a great desire for a village wide reforestation project. A project of this kind would include civic education, training, and the development of local tree nurseries. Maasai people share an important relationship with their environment and a balance must be created between tree harvesting and tree planting if villagers want to live a sustainable lifestyle now and in the future. Introduction Maasai pastoralists represent the highest degree of pastoral specialization in the Eastern-Sudanic region of East Africa (Spear and Waller 1993: 62). Maasai peoples, however, also combine livestock herding with other economic activities such as cultivation, trade, and gathering. Because of their dependence on natural resources to sustain livestock and human populations (such as natural watering sites, grazing areas, agricultural land, and drought reserves), many Maasai groups that historically depended on community grazing structures and local, opportunistic agriculture suffered