International Journal of Engineering Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726 www.ijesi.org ||Volume 5 Issue 7|| July 2016 || PP. 36-41 www.ijesi.org 36 | Page Review of the Security Challenges of Fiber Optics Technologies in Network Connection in Nigeria and the Countermeasures. Ikporo, Stephen Chibueze 1 , Ogbu, Nwani Henry 2 1 Department Of Computer Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki – Nigeria 2 Department Of Computer Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki – Nigeria Abstract: The increasing number of people who transfer data from one place to another daily demands that the telecom industries develop a sophisticated strategy to guaranty quality data transferred without compromise or interception. Some of these industries in a bid to meet up with this demand employ any means of data transfer possible to them. Internet connectivity requires physical transfer of data from one place to another. This can be achieved either through wire or wirelessly. Connection through wire could be by UTP, Coaxial or Fiber Optics. Experience showed that wired is more advantageous when considering bandwidth utilization, performance, reliability, resiliency and security, many people are toeing this way and fiber optics their major choice. Fiber optics can be bundled as cable and used for data transmission through which light propagates with little attenuation, which makes it advantageous for long distance communication. The massive choice of fiber optics of recent has increase the security challenges bedevilling it, as it is now the prime target of network attackers. This has increased its vulnerability. Fiber optic is experiencing some security issues like splicing, clamping, cutting and tapping in developing countries like Nigeria. The paper tries to evaluate the security challenges bedevilling the optic fiber Keywords: Network, Bandwidth technology in Nigeria so as to propose possible countermeasures. , Fiber Optics, Internet Layer Security, Attenuation. I. Introduction The high economical development associated with the broadband build up and development requires state-of-the- art broadband connections to be realized. Systems such as video conferencing, distance education, academic research and remote surgeries, all demand large amount of bandwidth, speed, efficiency and great reliability. Notwithstanding the substantial and improved investment already made in ICT infrastructure in some parts of the world especially Africa in recent years, much focus has always been on the improvement of the mobile network infrastructure and access with appreciable gaps still remaining in the backbone networks. This has led to a very high expensive or non unavailability of effective high-speed Internet services needed for important key business, government and consumer applications. Where available, the cost of broadband Internet access is on the average, three times higher than what is obtainable in other part of the world, where significant broadband infrastructure investments have been made. Data transmission is made possible by the combination of the medium and the active devices that make up the network. Most of the recent generations of emerging wireless communications standard utilize improved modulation techniques to squeeze more bandwidth out of frequency. In practice, there is a trade off between frequency and data-carrying capacity, such that as we lower the frequency, we lose total bandwidth. However, the total bandwidth achieved by wireless technologies, especially the ones using the unlicensed spectrum, are still orders of magnitude behind what is possible with Fiber. Whereas most unlicensed wireless setups can deliver bandwidths of multiple megabits per second, most advanced Fiber optic connections can deliver multiple gigabits per second. The downstream bandwidth in mbps, the upstream bandwidth, as well as the Quality of Service (QoS) are all important factors for the sustainability of a connection for a particular application. In application, Fiber optic connection provides better QoS because of the dedicated link it provides between two communicating points. II. Literature Review Fiber Optics is a flexible thin filament of glass (silicon glass) that can accept electrical signals as input and covert them into optical (light) signals which are reconverted to electrical signals at its destination. They are non-metallic and not susceptible to interference, such as electromagnetic interference (EMI), radio frequency (RF) or lightning. It does not conduct electricity, which means that fiber can be installed in many more types of areas that are prone to such interferences. They are typically smaller and lighter in weight and are practically impervious to outdoor atmospheric conditions. Since there is no radiation from fiber, it is hard to tap than copper, and with no issues of grounding, shorting or crosstalk of cables. They carry much more information than conventional copper wire and are generally not subjected to retransmission of signals. Fiber optic networks are the backbone of the Internet and