 © Blackwell Publishers Ltd.  © Blackwell Publishers Ltd. ,  Cowley Road, Oxford, OX  JF, UK and  Main Street, Malden, MA , USA. S P  A  0144–5596 V. 34, N. 2, J 2000, . 160–75 Excluding Children: Autonomy, Friendship and the Experience of the Care System Tess Ridge and Jane Millar Abstract The concept of social exclusion is increasingly important in policy and research but has rarely been addressed from a child-centred perspective. Childhood is a social experience in itself, one that has its own norms and customs, and where the demands of participation and inclusion may be considerable, likewise the costs of exclusion. This paper explores the meaning and experience of social exclusion for children by focusing on a particular group of children and young people, those “looked after” in the public care system. The sample involved children who had minimal contact with their parents, and who although not currently materially poor were vulnerable to a high future risk of experiencing poverty. They thus provided a valuable opportunity to explore some of the relational aspects of social exclusion. Using in-depth interviews to explore the meaning of friend- ship in their lives, the study revealed the importance of social relationships for these children, and in particular the impact of the care system on their capacity to make and sustain social networks. The findings suggest that the relational aspects of poverty are not just consequences of material poverty but can have a dynamic of their own, one that may have a particular resonance for children. This has implications not just for children in the care system, but also for children in families, where family poverty and the restricted social and economic integration of parents may also have an impact on children’s capacity for developing social relationships and wider social networks. Keywords Children; Social exclusion; Friendship; “Looked-after” children Families with children are very much the focus of policy under the New Labour government, as summarized in the consultation document, Supporting Families (Home Office ). The policies, both promised and already in place, aim to provide better social support for parents, more financial support for families with children, to introduce measures to promote family-friendly employment, to strengthen marriage and to help families with serious pro- blems. More money is going into families, both directly and indirectly: child Address for correspondence: Tess Ridge, Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA AY.