e38 (Circulation. 2015;133:e38-e360. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350.) © 2015 American Heart Association, Inc. Circulation is available at http://circ.ahajournals.org DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2016 Update A Report From the American Heart Association WRITING GROUP MEMBERS Dariush Mozaffarian, MD, DrPH, FAHA; Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM, FAHA; Alan S. Go, MD; Donna K. Arnett, PhD, MSPH, FAHA; Michael J. Blaha, MD, MPH; Mary Cushman, MD, MSc, FAHA; Sandeep R. Das, MD, MPH; Sarah de Ferranti, MD, MPH; Jean-Pierre Després, PhD, FAHA; Heather J. Fullerton, MD, MAS; Virginia J. Howard, PhD, FAHA; Mark D. Huffman, MD, MPH, FAHA; Carmen R. Isasi, MD, PhD; Monik C. Jiménez, ScD; Suzanne E. Judd, PhD; Brett M. Kissela, MD, MS, FAHA; Judith H. Lichtman, PhD, MPH; Lynda D. Lisabeth, PhD, MPH, FAHA; Simin Liu, MD, ScD, FAHA; Rachel H. Mackey, PhD, MPH, FAHA; David J. Magid, MD, MPH; Darren K. McGuire, MD, MHSc, FAHA; Emile R. Mohler III, MD, FAHA; Claudia S. Moy, PhD, MPH; Paul Muntner, PhD; Michael E. Mussolino, PhD, FAHA; Khurram Nasir, MD, MPH; Robert W. Neumar, MD, PhD; Graham Nichol, MD, MPH, FAHA; Latha Palaniappan, MD, MS, FAHA; Dilip K. Pandey, MD, PhD, FAHA; Mathew J. Reeves, PhD, FAHA; Carlos J. Rodriguez, MD, MPH, FAHA; Wayne Rosamond, PhD, FAHA; Paul D. Sorlie, PhD; Joel Stein, MD; Amytis Towfighi, MD; Tanya N. Turan, MD, MSCR, FAHA; Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD; Daniel Woo, MD, MS, FAHA; Robert W. Yeh, MD, MSc, FAHA; Melanie B. Turner, MPH; on behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Table of Contents Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e39 1. About These Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e46 2. Cardiovascular Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e49 Health Behaviors 3. Smoking/Tobacco Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e68 4. Physical Inactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e78 5. Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e89 6. Overweight and Obesity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e110 Health Factors and Other Risk Factors 7. Family History and Genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e121 8. High Blood Cholesterol and Other Lipids . . . . . . . e127 9. High Blood Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e135 10. Diabetes Mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e148 11. Metabolic Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e162 12. Chronic Kidney Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e178 Cardiovascular Conditions/Diseases 13. Total Cardiovascular Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . e184 14. Stroke (Cerebrovascular Disease) . . . . . . . . . . . e204 15. Congenital Cardiovascular Defects and Kawasaki Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e235 16. Disorders of Heart Rhythm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e247 17. Sudden Cardiac Arrest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e268 18. Subclinical Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e279 19. Coronary Heart Disease, Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Angina Pectoris . . . . . . . . . . . . e292 20. Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure . . . . . . . . . . . e307 21. Valvular, Venous, and Aortic Diseases . . . . . . . . . e316 The American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest. The American Heart Association requests that this document be cited as follows: Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, Das SR, de Ferranti S, Després J-P, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Magid DJ, McGuire DK, Mohler ER III, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Rosamond W, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB; on behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;133:e38-e360. A copy of the document is available at http://my.americanheart.org/statements by selecting either the “By Topic” link or the “By Publication Date” link. To purchase additional reprints, call 843-216-2533 or e-mail kelle.ramsay@wolterskluwer.com. Expert peer review of AHA Scientific Statements is conducted by the AHA Office of Science Operations. For more on AHA statements and guidelines development, visit http://my.americanheart.org/statements and select the “Policies and Development” link. Permissions: Multiple copies, modification, alteration, enhancement, and/or distribution of this document are not permitted without the express permission of the American Heart Association. Instructions for obtaining permission are located at http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/General/Copyright- Permission-Guidelines_UCM_300404_Article.jsp. A link to the “Copyright Permissions Request Form” appears on the right side of the page. Each chapter listed in this Table of Contents can be clicked to link directly to that chapter AHA Statistical Update by guest on January 7, 2017 http://circ.ahajournals.org/ Downloaded from by guest on January 7, 2017 http://circ.ahajournals.org/ Downloaded from by guest on January 7, 2017 http://circ.ahajournals.org/ Downloaded from