© 2002 University of Southern California and Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
DEATH, ASYMMETRY AND THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SELF 407
407
DEATH, ASYMMETRY
AND THE
PSYCHOLOGICAL SELF
GLEN PETTIGROVE
Abstract: Lucretius thought that we should be as indifferent to the time of
our death as we are toward the time of our birth. This paper will critique the
ways in which Thomas Nagel, Frederik Kaufman and Christopher Belshaw
have appealed to a psychological notion of the self in an attempt to defend
our asymmetric intuitions against Lucretius’ claim. Four objections are mar-
shalled against the psychological-self strategy: (1) the psychological notion of
the self fails to capture all of our intuitions about selfhood; (2) some of the
intuitions to which proponents of a psychological notion of the self appeal
are drawn from irrelevant or misleading ethical and epistemological aspects
of certain examples they consider; (3) the arguments developed on the basis
of a psychological notion of the self do not answer Lucretius in the right way;
and (4) the psychological-self explanation overlooks an important distinction
between awareness-dependent and awareness-independent explanations. While
the psychological-self explanation of the asymmetry in our attitudes toward
the time of our birth and the time of our death may explain why Nagel,
Kaufman and Belshaw have asymmetric attitudes, it fails to explain why most
people have such attitudes.
I.
Recently, the question of the nature of the self has sparked an interesting
debate in the philosophical discussion surrounding the metaphysics of
death. There are two central questions in response to which philosophers
have invoked competing ideas of selfhood in this discussion. The first
question has focused on the nature of death’s harm. The second has
asked for whom death is a harm. Interwoven with the answers offered to
each of these questions have been attempts to respond to a suggestion
made by Lucretius that our attitudes toward birth and death should be
Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 83 (2002) 407– 423 0279–0750/00/0100–0000
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