1 NATIONAL AND INTER-TSO BALANCING AND ANCILLARY SERVICES MARKETS WITHIN A PYRAMID OF ENERGY SERVICES Mihai SANDULEAC 1 , Catalin CHIMIREL 2 , Lucian TOMA 2 , Lola ALACREU 3 , Lucas PONS 3 1 ECRO SRL, 6, Precupetii Vechi Str, Bucharest, Romania 2 University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313, Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, Romania 3 ETRA I+D, Tres Forques, Valencia, Spain m.sanduleac.ro@ieee.org Keywords: Balancing, ancillary services, 1-minute load profiles, fair settlement, pyramid of energy services Abstract Designing the European balancing market is one of today important focus of ACER and ENTSO-E, where the providers of balancing services are either large generators or aggregated resources which are offered through specific actors. The paper focuses on designing applicable solutions for measuring the balancing services in a unitary approach, which makes possible the participation of small or large resources – as singular units or aggregated entities, engaged within the national markets or within pan-European exchanges, in a unique solution. The use of 1-minute load profiles (LP01) of legally enforced metrology meters as basic data sources for calculating energy services from small resources up to large ones and to inter-TSO exchanges is proposed. We show that this solution brings fairness in settlement of the services as compared to the settlement based on order and that it has advantages even from measurements made with SCADA at the service provider. 1 Introduction Designing the European balancing market is one of today important focus of ACER and ENTSO-E which is reflected in completed or ongoing network codes elaboration. The providers of balancing services are either large generators or aggregated resources which are offered through specific actors. We are focusing on designing applicable solutions for measuring the balancing services in a unitary approach which makes possible the similar participation of small and large resources - alone or aggregated for the national markets or for inter-TSO exchanges, in a unitary solution, within a pyramid of energy services. The use of 1-minute load profiles (LP01) of legally enforced metrology meters as basic data sources for calculating energy services from small resources up to big ones and to inter-TSO exchanges is proposed. We are targeting a holistic approach to cope with balancing services in a pyramid of energy services, from bottom to top with the same unique solution for settlement, quality of service and service control: the metrology meter of the service provider, as source of real-time data and of legally enforced 1-minute load profiles of energies, as enabler for settlement of real performed services, of quality of services as well as of real-time control of the provided service. We consider that this is the appropriate solution to cope with the entire rail-to-rail resource engagement in a power system environment, which requires in the same time high volume of balancing services - due to high RES penetration - and open market across Europe with legally enforced solutions, in a similar way as energy is measured for more than one hundred years with energy meters and their corresponding IEC standards of accuracy. 2 Measuring balancing services in a unitary approach The pillars for our proposed solution are based on several studies at various levels: i) It has been analysed and proved in [1] that meters are extremely accurate source of real-time data, much better than the SCADA solution (either based on Remote Control Units - RTUs or on Bay Control Units -BCUs). ii) It has been calculated and assessed in [2] that the accuracy of specific f-P secondary control quantities by using 1-minute load-profiles achieved by legally enforced metrology meters is better than 0.5% for all studied cases, as compared with ideal measurement and also better than the SCADA or AGC based calculations; iii) The same exercise was done for non-mandatory secondary voltage control service [3] and found the same accuracy, which is below 0.5% as compared to ideal measurements at the premises of the Balancing Service Provider (BSP) level; iv) Moreover, in [2] was shown that the 1-minute load profiles are appropriate to implement synchronous aggregation of small resources, de-aggregation for a fair remuneration of each provided service and quality of service assessment;