See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233006751 A four-level framework for identifying and classifying student conceptual and reasoning difficulties Article in International Journal of Science Education · July 2010 DOI: 10.1080/09500690119103 CITATIONS 31 READS 31 3 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: WOMEN IN SCIENCE View project Diane J. Grayson Council on Higher Education, South Africa 56 PUBLICATIONS 584 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Trevor R. Anderson Purdue University 42 PUBLICATIONS 441 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Trevor R. Anderson on 06 May 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.