LUCBOVENS
COHERENCE ARGUMENTS AND CYCLICAL MORAL
RANKINGS*
(Received in revised form 21 June 1993)
Coherence arguments are a common tool in applied ethics. The applied
ethicist appeals to moral judgments about specific choice-situations that
can count on a reasonable level of consensus and constructs a theory
- i.e. a set of general principles - on the basis of these judgments.
The theory will then guide moral judgments about more controversial
choice-situations. Such theories tend to have a particular format. Let us
consider a paradigm study in applied ethics with the aim of determining
this format.
In 'A Defense of Abortion', 1 J. J. Thomson grants that the fetus is a
person from at least some point during pregnancy. On this assumption
the clash between the fetus' right to life and the mother's right to
determine what shall happen in and to her body is what constitutes the
moral problem of abortion. To determine which of these values is more
stringent, Thomson resorts to a coherence argument. She considers the
following choice-situation which is constituted by a clash between the
same pair of values. You find yourself waking up one morning in a
hospital bed laying next to an unconscious person who happens to be a
famous violinist suffering from a fatal kidney disease. The Society for
Music Lovers has kidnapped you overnight and plugged your circulatory
system up to his. You are told that, considering your blood type, you
are the only person in the world who can save the life of the violinist.
To do so, you will need to remain plugged up to him for the next nine
months. Then you can safely be unplugged and he will have recovered
from his disease. Thomson contends that most of us would not find
Philosophical Studies 74: 369-384, 1994.
© 1994 KluwerAcademic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.