(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 14, No. 11, November 2016 A Unified Approach for OWL Ontologies Sanju Mishra Department of Computer Application Teerthankar Mahaveer University Moradabad, India sanju.tiwari.2007@gmail.com Sarika Jain Department of Computer Application National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, India jasarika@nitkkr.ac.in Abstract— Due to the enormous growth of the volume of data and different structures, information systems are becoming increasingly complex. The Semantic Web aims to find, share and refine the information of current web more easily. The Semantic Web is a solution for representing the data in a machine understandable manner. Ontology is a powerful technology for representing the data in semantic web. Web Ontology Language (OWL) has been accepted as the knowledge representation standard by W3C. This paper proposes a unified and integrated framework, i.e., an Extended Hierarchical Censored Production Rules (EHCPRs) Framework for representing ontologies in Semantic Web, maintaining the knowledge treasures and doing reasoning over it. In addition, assuming that the framework is in place and is adopted, an algorithm is provided to convert the existing OWL ontologies into the EHCPRs Ontologies.The Protégé tool is used to create a trivial Vehicle Ontology and using the developed algorithm, it is converted into EHCPRs Ontology with no loss of information, i.e., preserving all the classes, their attributes and instances. Keywords- Semantic Web, Ontology, Knowledge Representation, Knowledge Treasure, EHCPRs. I. INTRODUCTION All the knowledge assets can not be stored in human’s brain. They require resources such as libraries and computerized databases to be stored, retrieved, discovered and accessed in some form; and most importantly not to be forgotten is improving the knowledge transparency in and across systems using them. Knowledge can be presented in many forms such as, forms of graph or it can be a logical condition or in the form of rules. Ontology is used as a graph structure to present the knowledge [21]. The World Wide Web is a huge repository of data which develops increasingly. This data produced by World Wide Web can be discovered to extract information and acquire knowledge. A knowledge bank or a knowledge treasure forms the backbone of the World Wide Web. The Knowledge Treasure on world wide web falls into one of two broad categories, viz. declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge [11, 13]. The declarative knowledge part consists of the knowledge base and the database. The knowledge base is the hierarchical network of multi-encrypted concepts. The database is the set of multi- encrypted instances. Suitable procedures for visualization, navigation, knowledge discovery, integration with online databases, multilingual context sensitive user interface, reasoning, querying, decision support and the system management tools are also incorporated. For the sake of decidability, ontology languages don’t offer the expressiveness we want (e.g. constructor for composite properties?), therefore rules must be incorporated. These procedures and rules are termed as the procedural knowledge. Knowledge Treasure = Procedural Knowledge + Declarative Knowledge Procedural Knowledge= Procedures + Rules Declarative Knowledge = Knowledge Base +Database The rules and the knowledge-base at the time of system birth is regarded ontology of the system and would remain invariant as such. During the interaction of the system with globally spread users of the system or experts in different areas, the system would enhance its database. Knowledge comes from different sources like unstructured, structured or semi structured text. All this knowledge, whether in a knowledge base or a database must be represented in a manner so that it is human as well as machine processable. A knowledge-based system maintains a knowledge base, which stores the symbols of the computational model in the form of statements about the domain, and it performs reasoning by manipulating these symbols. In 2001 Tim Berner’s Lee envisioned that the world Wide Web is a web of documents and should be extended to a web of data which not only represents the links of documents but also represents the relation between entities. Hence current World Wide Web started to switch from the first generation to the second generation: the semantic web. The Semantic Web is an extension of WWW which facilitates to read the information in machine-understandable format and makes easier to integrate, exchange and process data in machine automated manner. It is noticed that ontologies are the backbone of the semantic web. They are the main origin of semantic web information and web services for information exchange in humans. Ontologies 747 https://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500