Modeling of Metal-Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistor
on H- terminated polycrystalline diamond
B. Pasciuto
1
, W. Ciccognani
1
, E. Limiti
1
, P. Calvani
2
, M. C. Rossi
2
, G. Conte
2
1
University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Electronic Eng. Dept., Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
2
University of Roma Tre, Electronic Eng. Dept., Via Vasca Navale 8, 00146 Rome, Italy
Abstract — On the bases of the RF characteristics and
measured small-signal parameters, an equivalent circuit model is
formulated and characterized for Metal-Semiconductor Field
Effect Transistors based on H-terminated polycrystalline
diamond. Starting from on-wafer measurements, a bias
dependent transistor behavior representation has been fully
determinated. Such a equivalent circuit model is a first important
step in order to realize an RF IC based on diamond.
Index Terms - dc and rf performance, carbon based electronic,
device technology, electrical characteristics, semiconductor
devices, wide band semiconductors, device modeling, small-signal
equivalent circuit
I. INTRODUCTION
To address the demanding requirements of the emerging
wireless, mobile and wire-line applications, new
semiconductor technologies are currently in development. As
a result, new trends are emerging in both discrete device and
IC technologies. In particular, solid state devices find
increasing application in high power and high frequency
electronics, where conventional technologies based on silicon
and GaAs have been surpassed by wide band gap
semiconductors, such as SiC, GaN and diamond. Owing to the
excellent physical properties, such us high breakdown field
and hole saturation velocity, giving an optimum Johnson’s
figure of merit, diamond devices provide in principle the best
RF power performance. Indeed, this perspective has been
evaluated by several research groups [1-3] and recently also
included device realization technologies of surface channel
field effect transistors. In this structure, hydrogen terminated
diamond behaves as a hole conductive surface channel without
the addiction of extrinsic doping impurities. However a
detailed analysis and modeling of passive integrated
components on diamond behavior is still lacking in literature.
This kind of electronic elements are essential to making
MMIC and exactly for proper amplifier impedance matching
and it will be one of the main goals we would like to
appreciate. As a contribution to this field, an accurate bias
dependent equivalent circuit model of diamond based
MESFETs is formulated starting from the experimental DC
and RF characteristics of MESFET based on free-standing
polycrystalline diamond.
II. DEVICE FABRICATION
Au and Al contacts were used for the realization of source and
drain ohmic contacts, while Al was employed for gate
electrodes. Devices isolation was accomplished by reactive
ion etching (RIE) in oxygen and argon plasma. The isolation
is realized in such a way to minimize the parasitic capacitance
of the gate contact. Electron beam lithography was used for
gate realization. The gate electrode has been realized using an
electron Beam Lithography (EBL) equipment Leica EBPG5
able to define structure down to 20 nm.
III. RF MESFETS CHARACTERISTICS
The application of H-terminated diamond for the realization of
high frequency MESFETs to be used within a RFIC requires
accurate on-wafer S parameters measurements. S-parameters
were measured by a VNA calibrated with off-wafer SOLT
procedure. The measurement set-up consists in: HP 8510C
Vector Network Analyzer, Cascade RF1 Probe Station,
Coplanar Probe GGB Picoprobe (pitch=200μm), CS5
Calibration kit. Typical S parameters of a 1 μm gate MESFET
are shown in fig. 1 on a smith chart.
Fig. 1 – S parameters of MESFET represented on Smith chart
Due to the low dielectric constant of diamond both reactance
of S
11
and S
22
are low, which is advantageous for RF
applications. Due to high input and output device mismatch,
S
21
parameter magnitude is less than unity but this not means
that device hadn’t gain. Small signal RF gains as a function of
frequency are reported in fig. 2 for a typical 1 μm gate length
fabricated device, measured at V
DS
= -10 V and V
GS
= -1 V.
They show a cut off frequency f
T
=1.5 GHz and a maximum
oscillation frequency, f
MAX
, of typically 4.5 GHz, with a
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