Int J Soc Welfare 2004: 13: 297– 303
© Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare 2004.
Published by Blackwell Publishing, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA 297
INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL OF
SOCIAL WELFARE
ISSN 1369-6866
Morley C. Critical reflection in social work: a response to
globalisation?
Int J Soc Welfare 2004: 13: 297– 303 © Blackwell Publishing, 2004.
This article presents a reflective theoretical deconstruction of
my practice with disempowered human service workers. Spe-
cifically, it presents a case study of how critical reflection
was fostered amongst a group of practitioners in Geelong,
a regional Victorian town in Australia. This models how a
critical postmodern analysis provided a framework for over-
coming entrenched power dynamics and structural barriers in
a particular context and at a particular point in time. It des-
cribes and analyses the content of this work in terms of its
significance and implications for responding to the impact
of globalisation on this group, which was undermining the
effectiveness of their social work practice.
Christine Morley
Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
Blackwell Publishing Ltd Oxford, UK IJSW International Journal of Socical Welfare 1369-6866 © Blackwell Publishers Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare 2004 2004 13 1 000 Original Articles Critical reflection in social work Morley
Critical reflection in social work:
a response to globalisation?
1
Key words: critical reflection, social work, globalisation
Christine Morley, School of Health and Social Development,
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Deakin University,
Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
E-mail: morleyc@deakin.edu.au
Accepted for publication May 17, 2003
The globalised context: a critical modernist
perspective
From a modernist perspective, the impact of globalised
economies and technologies has meant that certain
groups have, and will continue to, become increasingly
marginalised. As social workers and social work edu-
cators, perhaps our problem is not with globalisation
per se, but with the fact that as a phenomenon, it
exacerbates the effects of capitalism, patriarchy and
colonisation. Consequently, many social workers feel
increasingly powerless to implement the critical values
that inspire our practice. What are the possibilities to
respond to the challenges presented by globalisation to
social justice, citizenship, democracy, equity and human
rights? And how can social work education prepare
practitioners to continue to facilitate social change in a
political environment that feels increasingly regressive
and conservative? Critical reflection involves deconstruc-
ting dominant discourses, and our own often inadvertent
participation in them, to highlight our internal agency
to challenge and change inequitable power relations
and structures (Fook, 2002). This involves particular
assumptions about the nature of knowledge and power,
which constructs change as being possible through
reconstructing rather than inverting dominant power
disparities and hierarchies. It is my contention that
critical social work, with its ethical commitment to
creating and maintaining the conditions for equitable
societies, needs to assume a leadership role in formulating
creative responses to these issues.
Modernist analyses suggest that globalisation is having
a profound impact on the transformative capacity of
critical social work to produce emancipatory change and
social justice. The fact that our world is endemic with
war, ongoing acts of terrorism, atrocities based on ethnic
and religious difference, environmental degradation and
exploitation, increased global poverty and Third-World
debt, and escalating inequities between dominant and
socially marginalised groups (Drevdahl, 1999; McDonald,
1996), reflects the global redistribution of political and
economic power and resources. This has increased
Western, industrialised countries’ monopoly of technolo-
gical, financial, communication and weaponry resources,
and within this context, government power is eroding
and democratic control over policy is being lost, in response
to the increasing power of transnational corporations
and international banks. As Ife (1997: 18) explains,
‘. . . governments are severely constrained in their policy
options by the power of transnational capital. A policy
decision which threatens or displeases “the markets”
can lead to an instant flight of capital, downgrading of the
nation’s credit rating, and ruin for the national economy’.
Consequently, the policy context has witnessed
economic rationalism and corporate managerialism
become the dominant agendas since the 1980s. This has
paralleled the deregulation of industry and banking,
the diminishing of protectionist policies and the relin-
quishment of the welfare state (Bulbeck, 1994). As Ife
(1997: 7) comments, ‘The erosion of public services,
privatization, corporatisation, tendering, contracting
out, quasi-markets, rolling back the state, and so on are
now so familiar they scarcely need comment’.
1
Revised version of a paper presented to the Congress of the
International Association of Schools of Social Work, ‘Social
Work Education and Citizenship in a Globalising World’,
July 15–19, 2002, Montpellier, France.