1 Beyond Sound and Listening: Urban Sound Installations and Perception María Andueza Olmedo Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain) Introduction In different ways, works of art conceived for specific places lead us to consider the audience’s presence, or in a wider sense, the presence of the individual, within the space of the work. For this reason, in this chapter I analyse sound installations in urban environments using a historical and multidisciplinary approach, and focusing on their reception by the “city- citizen” (a term that recognizes the reciprocal influence of the dynamic space of the city and its urban inhabitants). When site-specific artworks include sound as a material, they also incorporate or reinforce ideas of temporality, simultaneity and dynamism and these same qualities are inherent to the modern city. Drawing on 1960s research by urban planner Kevin Lynch, I will discuss the impact of urban sound installations by Max Neuhaus, Bernard Leitner, Bill Fontana and Bruce Nauman. I will argue that all these artists create works that, by immersing the citizen in sound, change and enrich his or her perception of the city. Site-specific Sound Installations Beyond Sound and Listening Artists’ fascination with sound in the urban environment may be traced to the technological innovations made possible beginning with the Industrial Revolution and the gradual shift from primarily agrarian to primarily urban Western societies during the 19 th century. The Industrial Revolution (with its