Pergamon
PII: S0261-5177(97)00112-X
Tourism Management, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 185-187, 1998
© 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Printed in Great Britain
0261-5177/98 $19.0(I + 0.0()
Book Reviews
Tourism - How Effective Manage-
ment Makes the Difference
Roger Doswell
Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford (1997)
x+319 pp £16.99 softcover. ISBN
0750622725
There are currently few texts available
which attempt to explain how the
public sector, internationaly, should be
involved in managing tourism and its
impacts; the organizing framework for
this book is based on the perspective
of the GTA - Government Tourism
Administration. Doswell outlines his
preference for this term over that of
NTO (National Tourism Organiza-
tion) though he does not comment on
why NTA (National Tourism Admini-
stration) is unsuitable. The reasons
may be implicit in comments on pages
93 and 95, i.e. a GTA involves
national, regional, area and municipal
levels and covers all branches of
government. Nonetheless, is another
acronym in the industry necessary?
Whilst the preface outlines the
rationale for the perspective, the back
cover does not indicate this; it is
important since the reader dipping
into only one or two chapters may
wonder at the paucity of examples.
For example, Chapter 4 'The Travel
Trade' gives no examples of well-
known companies in the industry yet
refers to Mercedes, Rolex, Ford and
Nikon. The explanation cannot be one
of appealing to a range of national
markets and, therefore, avoidance of
British companies; in any event, tour
operators such as Airtours and
Thomson are international. Vertical
integration is given a paragraph here
though, arguably, other forms and
diversification have an input to the
background.
There are fifteen chapters equally
divided into Part One - 'The
Background to Tourism Manage-
ment', Part Two - 'Tourism's Impacts
and Other Management Criteria' and
Part Three - 'Planning and Manage-
ment Strategies'. The final chapter in
Part One is titled 'Government
tourism administration'. This is where
examples of named GTAs should be -
if only to identify those with similar
features and those which differ
markedly in some way. Does
FONATUR' function in the same way
as Maison de la France? This is
salient since Doswell comments that
'depending on the part of the world,
public administration deficiencies tend
to be of the following types ...
patronage ... Government jobs may
be exchanged for political support or
favours' (p. 88). The following section
refers to malpractice by government
officials - with the only example given
being the 1993 UK Audit Commission
survey which revealed 54 cases of
fraud regarding the award of contracts
and granting of planning permission.
Later, in the same chapter,
QUANGOs are mentioned but with
no examples of British ones let alone
those overseas. This emphasis on
examples is significant since students
usually associate specific organizations
by categorizing them; the omission of
examples - good or bad - suggests an
abstract approach, making the text
drier than it need be. The last two
pages of Part One identify a range of
intergovernmental bodies.
'Tourism and the economy', the
first chapter in Part Two, comprises
19 pages and discusses a range of
concepts from national development
plans to multipliers and what they
measure; data for the latter is drawn
from Archer and Fletcher (1990). 2
Examples of locations pepper the
chapter on tourism and the environ-
ment though, given the existing litera-
ture, the types of carrying capacity
could be identified - especially, if
effective management is to make a
difference, the potentially very
different figures for physical,
ecological and perceptual capacity on
the same site should be noted. The
European Union's environmental
management standards are referred to
later in this chapter. The remaining
chapters in Part Two cover sociocul-
tural effects, development issues
('bold GTA intervention can change
the product markedly', p. 165, would
benefit from examples), and planning
and management.
Part Three - Planning and Manage-
ment Strategies - is indeed, compre-
hensive - incorporating various lists;
for example, what should be included
in a GTA management information
system. Given that the Caribbean is
mentioned in the text, reference to
the 1993-1996 EU-funded Tourism
Development Programme could be
made to illustrate both the market
development and area tourism
development aspects - of which post-
employment education (p. 279) was a
key feature. 'Managing public aware-
ness programmes' is an apposite final
chapter with many sound proposals;
the use of host programmes, tourist
newspapers and local community
action groups are outlined. The biblio-
graphy lists 106 works: the predictable
but also authors such as Edward Said
(Orientalism) and Clifford Geertz
(The Interpretation of Cultures).
In the final analysis, this book will
be put on the reading list for a
second-year under-graduate module
entitled Tourism Planning and
Management since it provides a more
detailed assessment of National
Tourism Administration roles than
Vellas and Becberel (1995)? Given
the author's background, it is
surprising that much more detail for
both good and bad examples of GTAs
is not given - this would illuminate
185