An importance-performance approach to
evaluating internal marketing in a recreation
centre
Edouard V. Novatorov*
Department of Recreation, Park & Tourism Sciences, Texas A & M University, Texas, USA.
e study examined the potential of importance-performance analysis for evaluating employee
tisfaction. The technique was originally designed to measure external customer satisfaction.
owever, the similarity of several concepts underlying customer-organization and employee-
ganization relationships, suggested that the method would be appropriate for use in the context
internal marketing. The concept of internal marketing has emerged as an interface between
ganizational behaviour and traditional marketing, and job-related attributes developed in the
ntext of organizational behaviour by Frederick Herzberg, appeared to be appropriate for this
sessment of an organization’s internal marketing. Data were collected from all 56 full–time
mployees at a commercial recreation centre using a 16-attribute instrument. Results did not
nrm Herzberg’s theory, since the highest valued attributes included both motivation and
giene items. Management recommendations for further application and interpretation of
portance-performance analysis are developed.
INTRODUCTION
distinctive feature of effective service
anagement is the new relationship which
as emerged between employees and organi-
tions. Peter Drucker (1992) has pointed
ut that:
All organizations now say routinely,
‘‘People [employees] are our greatest
asset.’’Yet few practice what they preach,
let alone truly believe it. Most still believe,
though perhaps not consciously, what
nineteenth-century employers believed:
people need us more than we need them.
But, in fact, organizations have to market
membership [within the organization] as
much as they market products and ser-
vices – and perhaps more. They have to
attract people, hold people, recognize and
reward people, motivate people, and
serve and satisfy people (p.100).
In response to the shift in management
philosophy from concern with nancial capi-
tal to human capital (Naisbitt and Aburdene,
1985), service providers have begun to rec-
ognize the importance of ‘membership mar-
keting’ which is more commonly referred to
in the literature as internal marketing or
marketing to employees. The internal mar-
keting concept has emerged as an interface
between traditional marketing concepts and
organizational theory, and it encompasses
all activities done by an organization to hire,
retain, train, and motivate employees to be
customer-minded. Nowadays, the internal
marketing concept is considered to be a key
facet of effective service management (Gron-
roos, 1994) and a category of investigation
that requires special treatment in any as-
sessment of an organization’s marketing ef-
fectiveness, such as a marketing audit
(Berry et al., 1991). Together with service
he author can be contacted at: Department of Recreation, Park & Tourism Sciences, Texas A & M University,
llege Station, Texas 77843-2261, USA.
anaging Leisure 2 , 1–16 (1997)
60-6719 © 1997 Chapman & Hall