Int J Theor Phys (2009) 48: 1872–1876
DOI 10.1007/s10773-009-9957-5
1-Soliton Solution of the Nonlinear Schrödinger’s
Equation with Kerr Law Nonlinearity Using Lie
Symmetry Analysis
C. Masood Khalique · Anjan Biswas
Received: 26 November 2008 / Accepted: 27 January 2009 / Published online: 6 February 2009
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009
Abstract This paper obtains the 1-soliton solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation
in a Kerr law media. The technique that is used to carry out the integration of this equation
is the Lie symmetry analysis.
Keywords Solitons · Lie symmetry · Kerr law
1 Introduction
The nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation (NLSE) is a very important equation in the area
of Applied Mathematics, Theoretical Physics, Engineering Sciences and Biological Sci-
ences [2, 6]. In particular, NLSE appears in the study of Fiber Optics and Bose-Einstein
condensates. There are various kinds of solutions that are known for this equation. These
include the periodic waves, doubly periodic waves, cnoidal waves, solitary waves and many
more. There are various techniques that are used to integrate NLSE and obtain these kinds
of solutions. The common methods that are frequently seen in various text books and re-
search papers are the classical method of Inverse Scattering Transform (IST), Hirota’s bilin-
ear method and others. In this paper, however, a fairly less common method of integrability
will be discussed to carry out the integration of the NLSE with Kerr law nonlinearity. The
method is the usage of Lie symmetries. The basic idea of Lie symmetries is to study the
invariance property of a given differential equation under continuous group of transforma-
tions. Lately, the symmetry analysis technique has been widely used to carry out the in-
tegration of many equations including the Lane-Emden equation [5] and quintic nonlinear
C.M. Khalique · A. Biswas ( )
International Institute for Symmetry Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Department of
Mathematical Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho
2735, Republic of South Africa
e-mail: biswas.anjan@gmail.com
A. Biswas
Center for Research and Education in Optical Sciences and Applications, Department of Applied
Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901-2277, USA