334 Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2012, 8, 334-338
ISSN: 1814-8085 / E-ISSN: 1927-5129/12 © 2012 Lifescience Global
Perception of the Extension Agents Regarding Information
Sources of Sustainable Agriculture in Sindh Province of Pakistan
Muhammad Ismail Kumbhar
1,*
, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh
2
, Shuhabuddin Mughal
3
and
Mahvish Jabeen Channa
2
1
Faculty of Agricultural Social Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
2
Institute of Food Sciences & Technology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
3
Sindh Development Study Center, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Abstract: The study was undertaken in Sindh province to examine the extension agents perceptions of various sources
of information. This study used a descriptive research design and the target population was Extension Agents. A
representative sample of 162 Extension agents was proposed from six districts of Sindh, namely, 1. Larkana 2.
Naushehro Feroze 3. Shaheed Benazirabad 4. Sanghar 5. Mirpurkhas 6. Badin representing the agro-ecological zones
of Sindh province. The majority of the respondents 49.38% having their age in the range of 31-45 years. The data
revealed that majority of the extension personnel 43.21% of the respondents were graduate level of education. The
diploma holder’s respondents were 24.69%. The majority of the extension personnel (43.21%) had job experience 21-30
years. Only 6.17% of the extension personnel had job experience of more than 31 years. The most frequent sources of
information was perceived by extension agents about sustainable agriculture were television broadcasts,. However,
Internet / Computers, Books and Manuals, Middle Man, and Electronic Devices (Mobile, Fax and other sources). The
majority of the respondents perceived that Lack of effective monitoring (reporting and supervision) (M=1.26, SD=.058),
Lack of Linkage between Research and Extension (M=1.06, SD=.025), Shortage of time to teach farmer properly
(M=1.21, SD=.042), Illiteracy among farmers (M=1.141, SD=.061) and Lack of transportation facilities (M=1.21,
SD=.042)as higher barrier that hampering the promotion and adoption of sustainable agriculture practices in the areas
where they worked, this implies that proper guidelines and teaching aids had not been given to the extension worker to
effectively work and communicate with the local farmer. However in sufficient funding for agriculture extension (M=1.71,
SD=.061 Lack of means for upgrading qualification M=1.93, SD=.048), Large farm area (M=1.85, SD=.065), Lack of In-
service Courses M=2.00, SD=.040), More time and management M=2.00, SD=.000) and Lack of Information about
Sustainable Agriculture Technologies M=2.00, SD=.000) were perceived as a low barrier in adoption of sustainable
agriculture practices.. This study will enable policy makers to effectively transfer the technology for sustained growth and
will enhance farmers understanding about the concept of sustainable agriculture.
Keywords: Perception, Extension agents, information sources, sustainable agriculture.
INTRODUCTION
Pakistan is one of the developing countries of the
world. Agriculture is the mainstay of the Pakistan’s
economy in terms of providing food employment and
foreign exchange earning. The importance of
agriculture is apparent from the fact that more than 70
percent of Pakistan’s population lives in rural areas and
agriculture is their main source of their livelihood. It
contributes 26 percent of the gross domestic product
(GDP). Agriculture provides 47% employment of labor
force and 72% population directly or indirectly is
engaged in agriculture. Environmentally sustainable
agriculture movement is very strong in most developed
countries, but it is new in Pakistan. The question is
whether or not it is possible to maintain resources,
most importantly the soil and simultaneously minimize
environmental damages without decreasing gross
output and net farm returns. If Yes, what extension
strategies to be adopted and what extension education
programmes should be framed in order to achieve
*Address corresponding to this author at the Faculty of Agricultural Social
Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan; Cell: +92-
3013569244; Fax: +92-22-2765554; E-mail: mikumbhar2000@yahoo.com
these twin objectives of environmentally sustainable
agriculture.
Agriculture is an important part of every society.
Sustainable economies are, in part, based upon
sustainable food systems which depend in part upon
agriculture. Agriculture affects the environment, human
health, and even social order. However despite
frequent attention in recent years on sustainable
agricultural practices, the adoption of sustainable
practices such as GAP has been slow by farm
producers [1] reported that although the Pakistan
scheme on Good Agricultural Practices was launched
on 31 January 2002 and the Department of Agriculture
has already taken positive steps to promote some of
the program, however majority of the farm producers
were reluctant to practice the program [2]. further
contended that Pakistan agricultural policies are
supportive for sustainable agricultural practice however
the present agricultural practices in Pakistan differ from
the standard of sustainability.
Hence, extension workers could play a main role in
assisting farm producers in their decision making
process regarding the adoption of sustainable